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Intrinsic motivation: When we pursue an activity purely for the sake of 
personal satisfaction, we have instruct motivation. In L2 pronunciation, a learner who 
has positive associations with the target culture and wishes to learn the language in 
order to fit in would be intrinsically motivated.


143 
The goal of pronunciation instruction for most students is clear, accented 
speech or comfortable intelligibility. Clarifying that goal sends several important 
messages to students. First, the course goals are realistic and in alignment with what 
can reasonably be accomplished in a classroom setting. Second, only those aspects of 
pronunciation that interfere with intelligibility will be addressed. Because accent is not 
the problem, it is not put in a negative light. It does not need to be eliminated or even 
reduced for students to be fully and easily understood. In this way, students sense that 
the L1 accent is valued and held in positive regard. Teachers can also invite students 
to participants in setting personal pronunciation goals based on individual needs and 
purposes for studying English. A student who intends to teach English or provide call-
center computer support by phone, for example, may want to attain a higher level of 
pronunciation accuracy than someone who expects to return to the home country and 
use English only occasionally with other non-native speakers. Most experienced 
classroom practitioners know that under any circumstances “dramatic changes in 
student speech in 3 to 6 months are rare”. It is easy for teachers, especially those who 
take the time to assess the pronunciation of their students, to feel overwhelmed by the 
many pronunciation variations learners sometimes exhibit. Teachers cannot possibly 
address all pronunciation issues in one course, nor do they have too. Besides, students 
have a greater chance of success if teachers limit the focus and give priority to those 
features with the greatest impact on overall intelligibility. Whether pronunciation is 
integrated or taught in a pronunciation-dedicated class, it helps, each student to have a 
template of his or her three highest-priority pronunciation targets in view at all times. 
These target can be renegotiated midway through the course. Here is an example of the 
information on one students template: 
1. 
Stress in words 
2. 
Final consonant clusters and grammatical endings 
3. 
Aspiration of initial /p/, /t/, /k/ 
Another way to sustain students motivation is to increase their awareness of the 
stages of pronunciation learning. Depending on computer program, teachers may have 
a prescribed pronunciation syllabus that the class must follow. Even then, there are 
opportunities for tailoring pronunciation work to student needs. For example, we can 
customize some activities and exercises simply by having learners complete them 
twice- once to address the features under study by the class and once to address one of 
the students individual issues. One more means of individualizing assignments is to 
use vocabulary, topics and contexts relevant to your students.

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