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Key words: Phonological schools, phoneme, pronunciation, morpheme, theory
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Key words: Phonological schools, phoneme, pronunciation, morpheme, theory,
phonetics, sound LECTURE 2 Phonological theories . 18 3. Moscow phonological school. The representatives of it based the definition of the phoneme on the concept of morphemes (phoneme within morpheme). Analyzing speech sounds in the morphemic structure of a language it’s possible to establish 2 different positions-stressed and unstressed. In a stressed position they change their articulatory and acoustic features. This fact is really important in the phonetic analysis of Russian vowels. In Russian, the word “boga ” [vada], there are two variants of allophones of the phoneme [a] – stressed and unstressed, which are different to their quantitative features, because usually stressed vowels are longer, than unstressed ones. But if we take the word forms [void] [void] [vodniy] [vadianoy], in the morpheme [vod] we can distinguish sound alternations [a,o,e] Muscovites say that [a,oe] are variants of one phoneme, but St. Petersburg linguists don’t agree with them and they say, that they are different phonemes. 4. The Prague phonological school. Its head is Nikolay Sergeevich Trubetskoy. He was the 1 st linguist, who divided phonetics from phonology. He said, that phonetics isn’t a linguistic science, it’s a biological science, because speech sounds are produced with the activity of speech organs. No sound can be produced without speech organs. No sound can be produced without speech organs. The smallest phonetic unit is a speech sound. The smallest phonologic unit is a phoneme, because all phonemes can change the meaning of words. Ten – Men sIt – sAt DIFFERENT MEANING 5. London phonological school. The head of it was Henry Sweet. He used the term “phoneme” in his book “Basis of phonetics” Another British linguist Daniel Jones wrote; The term “phoneme” was invented as distinct from phone. He gave the following definition: “ A phoneme is a family of sounds in a given language which are related in character and are used in such a way that no one member occurs in word in the same phonetic concept. Questions 1. Who is the founder of the phonological theory? 2. How did I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay define the term phoneme? 3. What are there differences between the theories of St.Petersburg and Moscow phonological schools? 4. Give D.Jone’s explanation of a phoneme. Download 0.67 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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