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LECTURE 6 Consonant system of English 29 Plan 1. Formation of consonant. 2. General classification of consonant. 3. Articulacy classification of consonants. Consonants are based on noise. There are 3 principles of consonant formation: - an obstacle is created in one of the suprasegmental cavities( верхние дых. пути) - muscular tension is concentrated in the place of obstruction - a stronger air stream is required then for vowels. In many languages there are 3 types of impediments a) complete closure of the air stream at some point or other consonants of that type are called stops [p,b], [t,d], [k,g] b) narrowing of the air passage at some point or other. Consonants of this type are called constructive (fricatives) [s,z], [ ], [v] c) a moving obstacle. In the formation of which some part of the speech organ vibrates consonants of this type are called “thrilled” example: Russian “p” – брат. Thrilled consonants are found in Russian, Uzbek, French - English [r] –cacuminal - American [r] – retroflex (pronounced in a very light vibration) Soft palate plays a great role in the articulation of consonants. If it’s lowered down the air to the mouth cavity is blocked. So air passes through the nasal cavity. They are called nasal cons on [m,n, ] As SP is raised the air passes through mouth cavity. Such consonants are called “oral” [p,b] [t,d] [k,g] [s,z] Another speech organ is also important in the articulation of consonants in the vocal cards (VC). If VC are in vibration, voiced consonants are formed. If VC don’t vibrate, voiceless consonants are formed voiceless 9, voiced 15 The most important point of consonant formation is the manner of articulation. In classifying consonant according to articulating organ we distinguish the following types of consonants: 1. Labial, which are subdivided into bilabial [p,b,m] and labio-dental [f,v] 2. Lingual. They are formed with the activity of tongue Labial ( губной) consonants which are subdivided into: a) bi-Labial articulated by means of both lips; b) labiodental – articulated by means of the lower [lou э] lip with the super teeth as the passive organ; Lingual consonants which are subdivided into: a) forelingual b) front-lingual ( or mid - lingual); c) back – lingual ( средне) Download 0.67 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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