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- Plan 1) Vowel-consonant distinction 2) General principles of vowel formation 3) Phonologic status of diphthongs
- Key words: vowel, speech sounds, syllabic sounds, classification of vowels, syllable, monophthong, diphthong, vowel system LECTURE 5
Australian type of pronunciation.
Australian English is one of the literary national types used since the end of the eighteenth century. There are three types of pronunciation in Australia. 1. Educated or Cultivated Australian English. 2. Broad Australian English. 3. General Australian English (GAU) which is regarded as a literary type, Australian English has common phonetic features with RP. Questions 1.What is a dialectology? 2.What pronunciation types exist in Great Britain? 3.What main pronunciation features of New Zealand English are known? 4.Explain the pronunciation of GA /r/. Plan 1) Vowel-consonant distinction 2) General principles of vowel formation 3) Phonologic status of diphthongs 4) Articulacy classification of vowels 5) Acoustic classification of vowels 6) Unstressed vocalism in English. 1. Speech sounds are divided into 2 groups: vowel and consonants. Vowels are based on voice. Therefore all vowels are voiced. Vowels are musical tones, so we can sing them. Consonants are based on noise. They may be voiced or voiceless. [ b,d,g] [ p,t,k] Vowels can form syllables. Therefore we call them syllabic sounds sis-ter 2 vowels, 2 syllables Fa-mi-ly 3vowels, 3syllables Key words: vowel, speech sounds, syllabic sounds, classification of vowels, syllable, monophthong, diphthong, vowel system LECTURE 5 The vowel system of English 25 Some consonants also can form syllables. They are sonorant. There are 7 sonorant in English [m,n, l,r,j,w] For sonorant the musical tone prevails over noise. Some linguists call them semi-vowels little [‘lit-l] 2 syllables are pronounced together. Cotton [‘k t-n] short vowel, closed syllable Reason [‘ri:-zn] long vowel, open syllable T able [‘tei-bl] diphthong in open syllable 2. The distinction between vowels and consonants is very old one. The principle of this division is not sufficiently clear up to the present time and the boundary between them is rather uncertain. Some consonants may be pronounced without vowels and they have some meaning [s:] [ m:] But majority of consonants are pronounced with vowels. There are 4 principals of vowel formation. 1) vowels are based on voice, which is modified in the supra-laryngeal cavities 2) muscular attention is spread over all speech organs 3) the air stream passes through the mouth cavity [p,b]-lips [t,d]- alveolus, teeth 4) the breath force is weak. For consonants the breath force is strong. 3. Vowels are divided into 2 groups: monophthongs and diphthongs. A monophthong is a speech sound which consists of one element. There are 12 monophthongs in English. They are [ i:, I,e, ,a:, , ,u,u:, , , ]. There are 5 lang. and 7 short monophthongs in English A diphthong is a speech sounds which consists of 2 elements. The 1 st element is called “nucleus” 2 it’s always strange. The second element of a diphthong is called”glide” which is rather weak 2 form one syllable. There are 8 diphthongs in English [ei,ai,oi,ou,au, , , , ] 3 diphthongs have [i] as a glide. 3 diphthongs have [ ] as a glide. 2 diphthongs have [u] as a glide. Trip thongs are speech sounds consisting of 3 vowel elements. There are 2 trip thongs in English. Trip thongs are combination of a diphthong and a monophong. So, trip thongs consist of 2 syllables. There are linguists who consider 5 trip tongs. In American type of pronunciation the number of diphthongs isn’t clear. Some linguists point out 3 diphthongs, some 5 and some 8. English vowels are classified into following principles from the articulatory point of view 1. According to the horizontal movement of the tongue (front, front-retracted, slightly moved back) central vowels, back advanced back. The following 20 vowel phonemes are distinguished in BBC English (RP): [i:, a:, o:, u:, з:, i, e, æ, σ, υ, л(типа крышка домика), ә; ei, ai, oi, аυ, eυ, υә, iә]. Principles of classification provide the basis for the establishment of the following distinctive oppositions: 1. Stability of articulation 1.1. monophthongs vs. diphthongs Download 0.67 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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