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- The functions of speech intonation
Plan 1. The functions of intonation. 2. The functions of intonation components. 3. The tempo of speech. Intonation is a language universal. There are no languages which are spoken without any change of prosodic parameters but intonation functions in various languages in a different way. By speech intonation we mean a complex combination of melody (the pitch) sentence stress, tempo of speech (the rate voice: slow, normal or quick); range of voice (the widening or narrowing of the scale of voice), timl –er or tamber of voice (its emotional colouring), intonation clane derision of the sentence, rhythm of speech (a certain musical pattern) which is created by musical alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables at more or less equal intervals of time. Intonation as a whole and its sintagmas are used to express the meaning. Melody and sentence stress are called “the primary components of intonation and the remaining five are called the secondary components”. The secondary components may be and often are as important primary one but they are call-ed secondary because the first two components always take part in their formation. The functions of speech intonation According to aced L.V.Shcherba intonation has the following three functions. 1. the structural function (to organize speech phonetically); 2. the grammatical function (to utter speech units in such a way that their morphologic and syntactic attribute find adequate expression, and in this way to convey the meaning of the sentence). 3. the notional function (to utter speech units in such a way that the attitude of the speaker, his feelings and emotional and all shades of meaning are adequately express-ed). The so called “structural function”, taken by itself from our point of view does not exist. Speech is organized phonetically to make it possible to express the grammatical and emotional functions. So there are two functions of intonations: 1. the grammatical functions 2. the notional function. Theoretically we may divide them, but in connected speech we deal with their temple combination for speech cannot be completely devoid of emotions. 1. Melody (the pitch of the voice). In the European language melody characterizes syntagmas, sentences and sentence units. In English there are two tunes: Tune I and Tune II Tune I may be expressed in the following forms: Download 0.67 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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