= 161. 2*362 (075. 8) К211 ббк [81. 2-2 Англ + 81. 2-2 Укр] я 73

Participle I, Participle II, Infinitive, non-Verbal), e.g.:
She was staring at him, her hands trembling with fear.
5) Gerundial Predicative Construction, e.g.:
He was aware of her being constantly late for her job.
According to their structure all the mentioned constructions are quite different and can hardly be put into one group, taking into account their traditional names. Thus, for example, Complex Object
and Complex Subject are predicative word groups called according to the syntactic function they perform in a sentence, whereas Absolute Participial Construction, For-to-Infinitive Construction and Gerundial Predicative Construction have got their names rather according to the constituents they are made of. Besides, For-to-Infinitive Construction can perform different syntactic functions in the sentence and therefore called Complex Subject, Complex Object, Complex Adverbial Modifier, etc. The same is true concerning the Gerundial Predicative Construction. As to Absolute Constructions, since their main syntactic function is to modify, they may be called Complex Adverbial Modifiers. Nevertheless, what unites all these constructions is that they constitute word combinations made of the constituent parts resembling the subject and the predicate. Since these constructions are never used independently, entering the sentence which already has its predication center, the subject-like and the predicate-like constituents of these constructions obtain the status of secondary ones, and therefore are called the "secondary subject" and the "secondary predicate". As a result, the mentioned predicative word-groups can be called - structures of secondary predication (структури вторинно'1 предикацп - СВП).
Their unification into one group of "structures of secondary predication" (further SSP) is made on the basis of the following characteristics:

• 
  SSP function only within the sentence at availability of the primary predication and in the formal sense are subjugated to the structures of the primary predication (SPP);
  
• 
  sentences, containing SSP are semantically and formally complicated and poly-predicative phenomena;
  
• 
  SSP are semantically equivalent to the subordinate sentence;
  
• 
  in their surface structure there is the violation of coordination of subject-predicate relations and their deep structure contains subject-predicate relations equivalent to those of the simple sentence;
  
• 
  SSP are structures that consist of the secondary subject and the secondary predicate; the secondary predicate can be expressed both by the verbal (that is Infinitive, Participle I and II, Gerund) and by the non-verbal part of speech.
  

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Since each structure of secondary predication (SSP) functions only within the limits of the sentence, that is at the availability of the structure of primary predication (SPP), - the most general model of the sentence containing SSP will be the following: S¹ + P¹ + S² + P² (+ complements), where S¹- is the primary subject of the sentence; P¹ - is the primary predicate of the sentence. The SSP in its turn consists of S² + P² (+ complements), where S - is the secondary subject that can be expressed by a pronoun (most often by the pronoun in the objective case), by a noun (a common noun or less often by a proper name), by the noun group;
P - the secondary predicate which is most often expressed by verbals: Infinitive (with the marker "to" or without it), Participle I, Gerund, Participle II and the non-Verbal (e.g., noun, adjective);