b) Define to which semantic group of Pluralia Tantum nouns belong the following English and Ukrainian nouns:
Drafts, contents, means, scissors, outskirts, commas, the Alps, the Carpathians, sweepings, billiards.
Грабли Атени, Черкаси, будш, 1менини, покидьки, кепи, шорти, сани, жмурки.
Think of the examples when certain singularia or pluralia tantum nouns do not coincide in the contrasted English and Ukrainian languages. For example, the Ukrainian pluralia tantum noun вечорнищ does not have its English pluralia tantum equivalent.
CHAPTER 2 Adjective as a part of speech in English and Ukrainian
languages
1. Adjective as a part of speech: general characteristics. Grammatical categories of adjective
In both languages adjectives as a class of lexemes are subdivided into qualitative adjectives which directly express some characteristic features and qualities of some objects or substances (якюш, що безпосередньо передають ознаку предмета) (e.g., large, white, heavy; великий, бглий, важкий) and relative adjectives that express some characteristics bound with the relation to some other object or phenomenon (шдносш, що передають ознаку, зв'язану з вщношенням до шшого предмета чи поняття (e.g., former, wooden, silken; колишнш, дерев 'яний, шовковий). Both in English and in Ukrainian the division line between qualitative and relative adjectives is a conventional (умовний) one.
The English language has a considerably fewer number of relative adjectives than in Ukrainian. Especially few are those adjectives that denote some material: wooden (дерев'яний), woolen (шерстяний), silken (шовковий) and some others. Meanings rendered in the Ukrainian language with the help of relative adjectives are very often expressed in English by nouns in the common case in the function of an attribute, e.g.: a stone house (кам'яний будинок), an iron bridge (зсиизний Micm), the London museums (лондонсът музег), the Kyiv underground (кшвське метро).
The peculiar feature of the English language is the existence of quantitative adjectives (кшьшсш прикметники): little, few (мало), much, many (богато). The Ukrainian language does not have such adjectives and the corresponding meanings are rendered with the help of adverbs or indefinite numerals (неозначеш чиогпвники: тлъка, декыъка, богато etc. present only in the Ukrainian language).
The Ukrainian language in its turn also possesses a peculiar group of adjectives, not present in English. By their meaning these adjectives, called possessive adjectives (присвшш прикметники), express belonging of some object to this or that person or creature,
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