= 161. 2*362 (075. 8) К211 ббк [81. 2-2 Англ + 81. 2-2 Укр] я 73

3. Particle as a part of speech in English and Ukrainian languages
The particle as a part of speech is characterized by the following features:

1. 
   Its lexico-grammatical meaning of "emphatic specification".
   

1. 
   Its unilateral combinability with words of different classes, groups of words, even clauses.
   

2. 
   Its function of a specifier.
   

Particles possess neither grammatical categories, nor typical stem-building elements.
As far as their structure is concerned, English particles may be simple (just, still, yet, even, else), derivative {merely, simply, alone), compound (also).
Very few English particles (else, merely, solely) are not homonymous with other words. Most of them are identical in form with adverbs (exactly, precisely, simply, never, still), adjectives (even, right, just, only), pronouns {all, either), conjunctions (but), articles (the) [24; 217-218].
Ukrainian particles are subdivided into two types according to their mode of functioning: 1) phrase particles and word-building and form-building particles (фразов! та слово- i формотворч1).
Phrase particles arrange a certain type of a sentence rendering the speaker's attitude to the content of the whole sentence or modify one of its components (ось, cnpaedi, лише, etc.).
Word-building particles function in connection with other words. Unlike phrase particles they can change their place in the word structure or can be separated altogether at declination (будь-, казна-, де-, -ж, etc.). With their help pronouns, adverbs and conjunctions are formed.
Form-building particles are used to create different grammatical forms, e.g. particles би, б help to form conditional mood.
Unlike conjunctions and prepositions English and Ukrainian particles do not serve to express syntactic relations [15; 213-217].