1. Introduction Consider hydrodynamic systems in Riemann
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1.Fer Weak 1212313
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1 , parametrized by the coordinates R along its lines of curvature. (Note, that in general the lines of curvature do not form a coordinate system, and such a parametrization is possible only for some special hypersurfaces.) Let ____________ be the principal curvatures of M . Definition. The hypersurface M is called a cyclid of Dupin, if each _(R) is constant along the cor- responding line of curvature, or, equivalently, ________ for any =1.....n. Let be the metric of M . The Peterson-Kodazzi equa- tion is and after cross-differentiation they lead to (3). We see that the principal curvatures ' (R) of any eyelid of Dupin are governed by eqs. (2) and (3), This gives the possibility to classify all eyelids of Dupin using formula (6). (Note, that not all (R) given by (6) really correspond to some eyelids of Dupin, What one has to do in order to complete the classification is to choose those solutions which actually do. For this purpose one has to use the Gauss equations of M .) 1.2. Applications in variable separation. Metrics of Stackel The diagonal metric _______________is called a metric of Stackel, if the corresponding Hamilton- Jacobi equation admits complete separation of variables, i.e. solu - tions of the form W(R)= W(R )+ ,...,+ W(R ), depending on n arbitrary constants (including h). As shown by Eisenhart, such variable separation is possible if and only if the equations of the geodesics corresponding to ds 2 admit n quadratic integrals of the form (____ the functions to be determined). Eisenhart found also the conditions for (11) to be an integral of geodesics, , for any i= 1, ..., n, that give (2) and (3) after cross-differentiation. In- serting the general formula (6) for ____ in (12), one arrives at the well known expression for g,, obtained by Stackel: where 6, and .2 were defined before, while ___ are n arbitrary functions. Let us conclude with a technical remark. In ap - plications we are usually given a system , (13) which is not written in Riemann invariants explic - itly. How to decide, if it is weakly nonlinear without computing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of v j i? We propose the following direct procedure. Com - pute the characteristic polynomial and write down the following covector, , (14) Where__________________ , and ____ means the nth power of the matrix Proposition. The system (13) is weakly nonlinear if and only if the covector (14) is identically zero. (This fact is true even without assuming the exis - tence of Riemann invariants.) Now we present four methods to integrate VANS systems: (1) A method to solve the initial value problem. (2) Linearization via a reciprocal transformation. (3) G en e r al iz ed h o d o gr ap h t ra n s f o r m. (4) T h e w e b g e o m e t r y m e t h o d . All of them are based on different ideas and may be interesting in their own right. The methods are illustrated being applied to the system (8), of course, with one and the same result (9). 2. A method to solve the initial value problem Download 424.59 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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