1 What is comparative typology and types of it?

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1.The smallest unit of sound is distinguished a phoneme.A phoneme is a sound or a group of different sounds perceived to have the same function by speakers of the language or dialect in question. An example is the English phoneme /k/, which occurs in words such as cat, kit, scat, skit.
2.Synthetic languages
Synthetic languages form words by affixing a given number of dependent
morphemes to a root morpheme. The morphemes may be distinguishable from the
root, or they may not. They may be fused with it or among themselves (in that
multiple pieces of grammatical information may potentially be packed into one
morpheme). Word order is less important for these languages than it is for analytic
languages since individual words express the grammatical relations that would
otherwise be indicated by syntax. In addition, there tends to be a high degree of
concordance (agreement, or cross-reference between different parts of the
sentence). Therefore, morphology in synthetic languages is more important than
syntax. Most Indo-European languages are moderately synthetic.
There are two subtypes of synthesis, according to whether morphemes are
clearly differentiable or not. These subtypes are "agglutinative" and "fusional" (or
"inflectional" or "flectional" in older terminology
3 . The noun has the category of number – singular and plural.
Nouns have two cases in English, six in Uzbek and Russian.
Nouns have agrammatical category of gender in Russian but not in English
and Uzbek.
The noun has the category of possessiveness in Uzbek but not in English.
4.According to morphological structure verbs are divided into a) simple (read, live, hide, speak),
b) derived, i. e. having affixes (magnify, fertilize, captivate, undo, decompose),
c) compound, i. e. consisting of two stems (daydream, browbeat),
d) composite, consisting of a verb and a postposition of adverbial origin (sit down, go away, give up).
5.In linguistics ,language classification is the grouping of related languages into the same category. There are two main kinds of language classification: genealogical and typological classification