60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 7
48.7.1. Solve the equation xy + 1 = x + y. 48.7.2. Given five distinct positive numbers. They can be divided into two groups so that the sums of the numbers in these groups are equal. In how many ways can this be done? 48.7.3. The lengths a, b, c, d of four segments satisfy the inequalities 0 < a ≤ b ≤ c < d and d < a+b+c. Is it possible to construct a trapezoidal from these segments? 48.7.4. A rabbit is sitting in the center of a square and 4 wolves are sitting in the four vertices. Is it possible for the rabbit to run out of the square if the wolves can only run along the sides and the wolf’s top speed is 1.4 times higher than that of the rabbit? 48.7.5. A tank of milk was brought to a store. The salesman has a balance and pans but no weights. However, milk cans can be put on a pan and there are three identical milk cans in the store, two of which are empty, and the third one has 1 liter of milk in it. A can holds not more than 85 l. By a weighing we mean putting a can with milk on one balance pan and an empty can on the other pan whereupon milk is added to the empty can until the balance is in equilibrium. How can the salesman pour 85 l of milk into one can weighing not more than 8 times? Grade 8 48.8.1. Solve the equation (x − y + z) 2 = x 2 − y 2 + z 2 . 48.8.2. The numbers a 1 , a 2 , . . . , a 1985 are the numbers 1, 2, 3, . . . , 1985 arranged in some order. Prove that max k k · a k ≥ 993 2 . 48.8.3. A paper square Q is placed on a piece P of graph paper; the area of Q is four times that of a little square q of the graph paper. Let a node be an intersection of lines on the paper; a node on the boundary of Q is considered to be covered. What is the least number of nodes that Q can cover? (See Fig. 92.) 48.8.4. An infinite number of knights lined up in a row in front of Wizard. Prove that Wizard can tell some of them to stand out of line, so that there would still be an infinite number of knights left in line, and so that all knights in line would stand ordered with respect to their height in increasing or decreasing order. 48.8.5. Prove that if the length of every one of the three bisectors of a triangle is greater than 1, then its area is greater than 1 √ 3 . Grade 9 48.9.1. Solve the eqation √ x − y + z = √ x − √ y + √ z. 126 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 Figure 92. (Probl. 48.8.3) 48.9.2. In some country there are 1985 airports. Consider the Earth to be a plane, the air routes to be straight lines, and all pairs of distances between the airports to be distinct. From every airport an airplane departs and lands at the airport fartherest from the place of its departure. Is it possible that as a result all 1985 airplanes arrived in 50 airports? 48.9.3. Under notations of Problem 48.8.3, suppose we know that a 2 × 2 square covers ≥ 7 nodes of the graph plane. How many nodes (exactly) can a 2 × 2 square cover? 48.9.4. Prove that it is possible to select two people from a group of 12, and then choose five more people from the remaining 10 so that each of these five people satisfies the following condition: (s)he is either a friend of both or of neither of the people in the pair chosen first. 48.9.5* (Leonard Euler’s problem). . Prove that any number 2 Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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