60-odd years of moscow mathematical
Download 1.08 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Moscow olympiad problems
− 2(a
2 b 2 + a 2 c 2 + b 2 c 2 ) + a 2 bc + b 2 ac + c 2 ab ≥ 0. b) Prove that the inequality in a) holds for any a, b, c ≥ 0. 45.10.3. Pete bought a useful calculator at the Turing Machines store: it can find xy + x + y + 1 for any real numbers x and y but cannot perform any other operations. Pete wants to write a “program” to compute the polynomial 1 + x + x 2 + . . . · · · + x 1982 . He regards his “program” to be the sequence of polynomials f 1 (x), . . . , f n (x) such that f 1 (x) = x; f n (x) = 1 + x + · · · + x 1982 ; f i (x) for 1 < i < n is either a constant c i that Pete can choose or f j (x) · f k (x) + f k (x) + f j (x) + 1, where j, k < i for each i = 2, . . . , n. a) Write Pete’s “program”. b) Can one write a “program” for the calculator that can only perform the following operation: x, y 7→ xy + x + y? 45.10.4. Find all positive integers n for which both 1 n and 1 n + 1 are finite decimal fractions. 45.10.5. A regular hexagon with side a is inside another regular hexagon with side 2a. Prove that the center of the larger hexagon is inside the smaller one. Olympiad 46 (1983) Grade 7 46.7.1. Find all pairs of integers (x, y) satisfying the equation x 2 = y 2 + 2y + 13. 46.7.2. A white plane is stained with black Indian ink. Prove that for any l there exists a line segment of length l whose both endpoints are of the same color. 46.7.3. A positive integer begins with a 4. If this digit 4 is transplanted to the end of the number, the resulting number is 1 4 of the original one. Find the smallest such number. 46.7.4. Two friends want to reach a nearby town. They have a bicycle for one person only. The Rule allows any of them to leave the bicycle for the other friend at any place. Their speeds as pedestrians are u 1 and u 2 , their speeds on bicycles are v 1 and v 2 , respectively, and the distance between the towns is S. What is the least least time the friends need to reach the town? 46.7.5. Is there a pentagon with sides 3, 4, 9, 11 and 13 cm, into which a circle can be inscribed? Grade 8 46.8.1. Prove that x 4 − x 3 y + x 2 y 2 − xy 3 + y 4 > x 2 + y 2 for any x > √ 2 and y > √ 2. 46.8.2. Equilateral triangles ABC 1 , BCA 1 and CAB 1 are constructed outwards on the sides of triangle ABC. Prove that AA 1 −−→ + BB 1 −−→ + CC 1 −−→ = ~0. (See Fig. 90.) 46.8.3. Can the square of a positive integer begin with 1983 nines in a row? 46.8.4. The numbers 1, 2, . . . , 1983 stand at the vertices of a regular 1983-gon. Any of the axes of symmetry of the 1983-gon divides the numbers which do not stand at the vertices through which the axis passes (if any) into two sets: on either side of the axis. Let us call an arrangement of numbers good with respect to a given axis of symmetry if every number of one set is greater than the number symmetrical to it. Is there an arrangement good with respect to any axis of symmetry? 46.8.5. Given five points on a circle: A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , H. Denote the distance between H and straight line A Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling