60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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for n ≥ 3 can be expressed as 2 n = 7x 2 + y 2 , where x and y are odd. Grade 10 48.10.1. Solve the equation x − 49 50 + x − 50 49 = 49 x − 50 + 50 x − 49 . 48.10.2. See Problem 48.7.3. 48.10.3. Let the “complexity” of a given number be the least possible length of a numerical sequence (if there is one) which begins with a 0 and ends with this number, each next term being either equal to half the preceding one or its sum with the preceding term being equal to 1. (The length of the empty sequence is assumed to be equal to 0.) Find the number with the greatest “complexity” among all numbers of the form m 2 50 , where m = 1, 3, 5, . . . , 2 50 − 1. 48.10.4. We have 1985 sets. Each of the sets has 45 elements, the union of any two sets has exactly 89 elements. How many elements has the union of all these 1985 sets? 48.10.5. Prove that if the distances between skew edges of a tetrahedron are equal to h 1 , h 2 , h 3 , respectively, then the volume of the tetrahedron is ≥ 1 3 h 1 h 2 h 3 . Olympiad 49 (1986) Grade 7 49.7.1. A quadrilateral is drawn on a transparent piece of paper. How should the paper be folded (perhaps more than once) in order to ascertain whether the quadrilateral is a rhombus? (Cf. Problem 49.8.1.) 49.7.2. Prove that there are no numbers x, y, z satisfying the system |x| < |y − z|, |y| < [z − x|, |z| < |x − y| 49.7.3. Three dwarfs live in different houses on a plane and walk with speeds 1, 2 and 3 km/h, respec- tively. What place for their everyday meetings should they choose to minimize the sum of the times it takes them to walk from their houses to this place (each walks along a straight line)? OLYMPIAD 49 (1986) 127 49.7.4. The product of some 1986 positive integers has exactly 1985 different prime divisors. Prove that either one of these integers or the product of some of them is a perfect square. (Cf. Problem 49.9.4.) 49.7.5. A code lock has three buttons with numbers 1, 2, 3. The code is a three-digit number, and the lock opens only if you press all three buttons in succession in the right order. What least number of times must Houdini press the buttons to unlock the lock? Grade 8 49.8.1. A quadrilateral is drawn on a transparent piece of paper. How should the paper be folded (perhaps more than once) in order to ascertain whether the quadrilateral is a square? (Cf. Problem 49.7.1.) 49.8.2. Find all positive integers which cannot be expressed as the difference of the squares of some positive integers. 49.8.3. Prove that if a 1 = 1, a n = a n−1 2 + 1 a n−1 for n = 2, 3, . . . , 10, then 0 < a 10 − √ 2 < 10 −370 . 49.8.4. A square field is divided into 100 identical square plots, nine of which become overgrown with weeds. It is known that every next year weeds begin to grow on the plots which are adjacent (have a common side) to at least two plots overgrown with weeds the year before and only on these plots. Prove that the whole field will never become overgrown with weeds. 49.8.5. Prove that there are no solutions to the system Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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