60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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be the center of the circle circumscribed about 4ABC. It is easy to see that the homothety with the center at O which sends 4O 1 O 2 O 3 into 4ABC sends O 4 to O 0 . Hence, O 4 belongs to O 0 O, Q.E.D. 63. Let p n be the n-th prime. Make use of the two facts: that S n is (for n > 4) less than the sum of the first n odd numbers (which is equal to n 2 ) and p n+1 > p n + 2. 67. First, prove that the condition of the problem will be satisfied if and only if the product of the numbers in two opposite corners of any square is equal to the product of the numbers in the other two corners. The simplest way to proceed now is to place the number p i q j in the square at the intersection point of the i-th row and the j-th column, where p 1 and p 2 , . . . , p n , q 1 , . . . , q n are numbers arbitrary except that all products p i q j are distinct, e.g. take 2n distinct primes. 70. Make sure first that an equiangular hexagon can be composed of segments of length k + 1, k + 2, . . . , k + 6 (for any k), then the 1980-gon is composed of several hexagons. (Fig. 102 shows how it can be done for a 12-gon.) This construction is possible due to the fact that cos 60 ◦ = 1 2 is a rational number. Since cos 360 ◦ n is irrational for n = 1981 and for the nontrivial divisors of 1981, the problem cannot be solved for the 1981-gon. 72. Use induction on n. 156 SELECTED PROBLEMS Figure 102. (Hint A70) 91. Draw the plane π perpendicular to OD through the center O of the sphere. Then make use of the facts that DC is parallel to π and π intersects lines parallel to DC on the planes of the faces ADC and BDC. 92. Prove by induction that the result may be any fraction with x 1 in the numerator and x 2 in the denominator. The induction should start with n = 3. It should be born in mind that if (x n : x n+1 ) is substituted for x n in the expression x 1 : x 2 : . . . : x n , the final result will be that x n+1 is in the numerator if x n was in the denominator and vice versa. But if (P : x n ) is replaced by ((P : x n ) : x n+1 ) in the expression (x 1 : . . . : (P : x n )), where P is a bracket or just a letter x n−1 , then x n+1 takes the same place as x n . 95. We draw all kinds of planes through skew line No. 2, each of which intersects skew lines No. 1 and No. 3 at two points. By connecting the latter we get a straight line l that intersects all given lines Nos. 1, 2 and 3. (It is not difficult to show that only one of such lines can be parallel to line No. 2.) ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS OF MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL CIRCLES 157 Answers to selected problems of Moscow mathematical circles 1. a) (1 + 2 + . . . + 9) · (6 · 10 5 ) = 27 · 10 6 ; b) 6 · 10 5 . 2. 12 897 + 79 821 = 92 718. 3. There are. 4. No. It can not. 6. Yes. 7. (x, y) = (1, 2) or (2, 5). 8. 1 2 (8100 + 181). 13. 800 g. 15. ∠B = 60 Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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