60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
cube must have an even number of neighboring white cubes, and each white cube must have an odd number
of neighboring black cubes. So we arranged the second layer of cubes in such a way that all cubes of the first layer obeyed The Rule. If all cubes of the second layer also satisfy The Rule, we are done. If this is not the case, we have to fill in the third layer so that all cubes of the second layer satisfy The Rule, etc. Does there exist an arrangement of cubes in the first layer for which this process is infinite? 28.2.10.3. Let p and q be odd integers. A p × 2q rectangular billiard table has pockets at each vertex and in the midpoints of sides of length 2q. A ball is shot from a vertex at an angle of 45 ◦ to the sides. Prove that the ball will wind up in one of the middle pockets. (Cf. Problem 28.2.9.2.) 28.2.10.4. All integers 1 to 2n are written in a row in an arbitrary order. Then to each integer the number of its place in the row is added. Prove that among the sums obtained there are at least two that have the same remainders after division by 2n. 28.2.10.5*. In a box there are two smaller boxes, in each of which there are two more boxes, etc. There are 2 n smallest boxes, each contains a coin. Some of these coins are heads up, some tails up. In one move, any box may be turned upside down, together with everything it contains. Prove that in not more than n moves the boxes may be so arranged that the number of coins with heads up is equal to the number of coins with tails up. Grade 11 28.2.11.1. Find all primes of the form p p + 1 and of not more than 19 decimal digits, where p is a positive integer. 28.2.11.2. Prove that the last digits of numbers of the form n n , where n is a positive integer, constitute a periodic sequence. 28.2.11.3*. Given plane P and two points A and B on either side of it, construct a sphere through these points that cuts in P a disc of the smallest possible area. 28.2.11.4. Consider a non-convex and non-selfintersecting polygon on a plane. Let D be the union of points on those diagonals of the polygon that do not go outside its limits (i.e., are either entirely inside it or partly inside and partly on its boundary; the endpoints of these diagonals should also belong to D). Prove that any two points of D may be connected by a broken line contained entirely within D. 28.2.11.5. Each square of an M × M table contains nonnegative integers so that if a 0 is at the inter- section of a row and a column, then the sum of the numbers in this row and this column is not less than M . Prove that the sum of all numbers in the table is not less than M 2 2 . Olympiad 29 (1966) Tour 29.1 Grade 8 29.1.8.1. Find the locus of the centers of all rectangles inscribed in a given 4ABC with one side of the rectangles on AB. 29.1.8.2. Find all two-digit numbers that being multiplied by an integer yield a product whose penul- timate digit is 5. 29.1.8.3. See Problem 29.1.9-11.1. 84 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 29.1.8.4. See Problem 29.1.9-11.5. 29.1.8.5*. From a complete set of 28 dominoes, we remove all dominoes that have 6 dots (on any half, not in sum). Is it possible to arrange the remaining dominoes in a chain? Grades 9 − 11 29.1.9-11.1. Solve in positive integers the system of equations ½ x + y = zt, z + t = xy. 29.1.9-11.2. For what value of k is the expression A k = 19 k + 66 k k! the greatest? 29.1.9-11.3. We place a convex pentagon inside a circle, so that its vertices are either on the circle or inside it. Prove that at least one of the pentagon’s sides is not longer than the side of a regular pentagon inscribed in this circle. 29.1.9-11.4. Prove that the positive integers k, for which k k + 1 is divisible by 30, constitute an arith- metic progression and describe that progression. 29.1.9-11.5. In checkers, what is the greatest number of kings that may be arranged on the black squares of an 8 × 8 checker-board, so that each king may be jumped by at least one other king? Tour 29.2 Grade 8 29.2.8.1. Divide a line segment into six equal parts with a ruler and compass constructing not more than eight curves (straight lines or arcs). 29.2.8.2*. Let a 1 = 1 and for k > 1 define a k = [ √ a 1 + a 2 + · · · + a k−1 ], where [x] denotes the integer Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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