60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 9
30.2.9.1. A number y is obtained from a positive integer x by a permutation of its digits and x + y = 1 00 . . . 00 | {z } 200 zeros . Prove that x is divisible by 50. 30.2.9.2. Given a sequence of positive integers x 1 , x 2 , . . . , x n , each not greater than M , and with x k = |x k−1 − x k−2 | for all k > 2. Determine the greatest possible length of this sequence. 30.2.9.3. We construct a square outwards on each side of a right 4ABC. It turns out that all vertices of the squares distinct from A, B, C lie on one circle. Prove that 4ABC is isosceles. Cf. Problem 30.2.8.3. OLYMPIAD 30 (1967) 87 30.2.9.4*. Let ← N be the number N written in reverse order, e.g., ←−− 1967 = 7691, ←− 450 = 54. For any positive integer N divisible by K the number ← N is also divisible by K. Prove that K is a divisor of 99. 30.2.9.5. A king of Spain decided to rearrange the portraits of his predecessors that hung in a circular tower of his castle. He ruled, however, that only two adjacent portraits be interchanged in one day and that, moreover, they could not be the portraits of the kings one of whom immediately succeeded the other. Two distinct arrangements that could have been obtained from each other, if the castle could rotate, were ordered to be considered as identical. Prove that, following this Rule, the king can always find any new arrangement of the portraits regardless of their initial positions. Grade 10 30.2.10.1*. Let m and n − k be relatively prime given numbers. We are given an n × n table filled in with numbers as follows: numbers 1, 2, . . . , n are written in the first row; if some row contains the numbers a 1 , . . . , a k , a k+1 , . . . , a m , a m+1 , . . . , a n then the next row contains the same numbers but in the following order: a m+1 , . . . , a n , a k+1 , . . . , a m , a 1 , . . . , a k . Prove that, after the table is filled, each column contains all numbers 1 to n. 30.2.10.2. See Problem 30.2.9.3. 30.2.10.3. Is it possible to arrange the numbers 1, 2, . . . , 12 on a circle so that the difference between any two adjacent numbers is 3, 4 or 5? 30.2.10.4. Eight spotlights are situated at eight given points in space, each spotlight illuminates a trihedral angle with mutually perpendicular faces. Prove that the spotlights may be turned so as to illuminate the entire space. (Cf. Problem 30.2.7.5.) 30.2.10.5. Consider all possible n-digit numbers, n ≥ 2, composed of figures 1, 2 and 3. At the end of each of these n-digit numbers we write a 1, 2 or 3 in such a way that if two numbers differ in all the corresponding digits, then we write additional different digits at their ends (one digit each). Prove that there exists an n-digit number which contains only one 1 and at whose end a 1 is written. 88 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 Olympiad 31 (1968) Tour 31.1 Grade 7 31.1.7.1. Number 4 has the following property: when divided by q 2 , for any q, the remainder is less than Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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