60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
, q
2 , . . . , q n , . . . , a sequence of polynomials is constructed in the following way: f 0 (x) = 1, f 1 (x) = x and f n+1 (x) = (1 + q n ) · xf n (x) − q n f n−1 (x) for n ≥ 1. Prove that all real roots of these polynomials belong to [−1, 1]. 31.1.10.5. Given 4 lines l 1 , l 2 , l 3 , l 4 in space, each pair of them skew and no three of them parallel to one plane. Draw a plane, P , such that the intersection points A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 of these lines with P make a parallelogram. How many solutions are there? Tour 31.2 Grade 7 31.2.7.1. The vertices of a regular 1968-gon are marked on a plane. Two players, in turn, connect two vertices of the polygon by a segment, obeying the following Rule: two points may not be connected if one of them is already connected to a point, and segments already drawn may not be intersected by others. The player who may not make a move, according to the Rule, loses. How should one play to win? Who wins if both play optimally? 31.2.7.2. On a plane, there are given three points. We select any two of them, draw the perpendicular through the midpoint of the segment connecting them, and reflect all 3 points through this perpendicular. Then we again select two points among all the points, the original ones and their reflections, and repeat the procedure ad infinitum. Prove that there exists a straight line on the plane such that all points obtained in the end lie on one side of it. 31.2.7.3. Two painters paint a long straight fence consisting of 100 parts. They come every other day, alternately, painting a fence around one plot red or green. The first painter is color-blind and mixes up the colors; (s)he remembers what part of the fence (s)he has painted and what color (s)he has used. (S)he can also feel the fresh paint left after the second painter, but can not tell its color. The first painter tries to make the number of places where green borders red the greatest possible. What maximal number of such places can (s)he get, whatever the second painter does? 31.2.7.4. Let x and y be unknown digits. The 200-digit number 89 252 525 . . . 2 525 is multiplied by the number 444 x18 y27. It turns out that the 53-rd digit from the right of the product is 1, and the 54-th digit is 0. Find x and y. 31.2.7.5*. A cowboy Jimmy bets with his friends that he can shoot through all the four blades of his fan with one bullet. His fan is constructed so that it can not effectively work as a fan but suits Jimmy fine as a target, see Fig. 65: Figure 65. (Probl. 31.2.7.5) Each of the four blades is a half-disc. The blades sit on a shaft perpendicularly to it; the distances between the planes of the blades are equal. The diameters bounding the half-discs are slanted with respect 90 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 to one another. The shaft rotates at the rate of 50 revolutions per second. Jimmy, as a true cowboy, can shoot whenever needed and his bullet may have any (but constant) speed he wants. Prove that Jimmy can win the bet. Grade 8 31.2.8.1. Let us divide all positive integers into groups so that there is one number in the first group, two numbers in the second, three numbers in the third and so on. Is it possible to do this so that the sum of elements in every group is the 7-th power of an integer? 31.2.8.2*. Two straight lines on a plane meet at an angle of α. A flea sits on one of the lines. Every second it jumps from the line it sits on to the other line. (The intersection point is considered to lie on both lines.) It is known that the length of each jump is equal to 1 and that the flea never returns to the place where it was just before. After a while the flea returns to its initial point. Prove that α has a rational number of degrees; see Fig. 66. Figure 66. (Probl. 31.2.8.2) Figure 67. (Probl. 31.2.8.3) 31.2.8.3*. A round pie is cut by a special cutter that cuts off a fixed sector of the angle measure α, turns this sector upside down, and then inserts back; after that the whole pie is rotated through an angle of Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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