60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
k
be the number of all broken lines of length k beginning at a fixed known node O of the graph (all broken lines are constituted by segments of the graph). Prove that p k < 2 · 3 k for any k. 22.1.9.5*. Prove that there is no tetrahedron such that each its edge is a leg of an obtuse planar angle. Grade 10 22.1.10.1. Prove that there are no integers x, y, z such that x k + y k = z k for an integer k > 0 provided z > 0, 0 < x < k, 0 < y < k. 22.1.10.2. See Problem 22.1.8.3. 22.1.10.3. Can there be a tetrahedron each edge of which is a side of an obtuse planar angle? (Cf. Problem 22.1.9.5.) 22.1.10.4. In a square N × N table, the numbers 1 to N 2 are written in the following way: 1 can stand at any place, 2 can occupy the row with the same index as that of the column containing 1, number 3 can occupy the row with the same number as that of the column containing 2, etc. What is the difference between the sum of the numbers in the row containing 1 and the sum of the numbers in the column containing N 2 ? 22.1.10.5. Consider a sequence a 1 ≥ a 2 ≥ a 3 ≥ · · · ≥ a n ≥ . . . of positive numbers such that a 1 = 1 2k ; a 1 + a 2 + · · · + a n + · · · = 1. Prove that there are k numbers in the sequence such that the least of these k number is greater than half the greatest. Tour 22.2 Grade 7 22.2.7.1. For a 1 > a 2 > · · · > a n and b 1 > b 2 > · · · > b n prove that a 1 b 1 + a 2 b 2 + · · · + a n b n > a 1 b n + a 2 b n−1 + · · · + a n b 1 . 22.2.7.2. Given 4ABC, find a point whose reflection through any side of the triangle lies on the circumscribed circle. 22.2.7.3. What should 999 999 999 be multiplied by to get a number whose decimal expression contains only 1’s? 22.2.7.4. Prove that the digits of any six-digit number can be permuted so that the difference between the sum of the first and the last three digits of the new number is less than 10. 22.2.7.5. Consider n numbers x 1 , . . . , x n each equal to 1 or −1. Prove that if x 1 x 2 + x 2 x 3 + · · · + x n−1 x n + x n x 1 = 0, then n is divisible by 4. Grade 8 22.2.8.1. See Problem 22.2.7.5. This problem can be reformulated in a “romantic” way: some of n knights sitting at a round table are enemies. The number of knights whose left neighbors are their friends is equal to the number of knights whose left neighbors are their enemies. Prove that n .. . 4. 64 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 22.2.8.2*. Consider 12 numbers a 1 , . . . , a 12 such that Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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