60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 10
23.1.10.1. Two equal equilateral triangular laminas are arranged in space on parallel planes P 1 and P 2 so that the segment connecting their centers is perpendicular to their planes. Find the locus of midpoints of all segments connecting points of one lamina with the points of the other. 23.1.10.2. Prove that if the fraction a n + b n a + b is an integer for positive integers a, b, n, and both the numerator and the denominator of this fraction are divisible by n, then so is the fraction itself. 23.1.10.3. See Problem 23.1.9.4. 23.1.10.4. In the decimal expression of an integer A all digits except the first and the last are zeros; the first and the last are not zeros; and the number of digits is not less than three. Prove that A is not a perfect square. 23.1.10.5. Given numbers a 1 , a 2 , . . . , a k such that a n 1 + a n 2 + · · · + a n k = 0 for any odd n, prove that nonzero of the numbers a 1 , . . . , a k can be combined in pairs consisting of two opposite numbers, i.e., a and −a. Tour 23.2 Grade 7 23.2.7.1. Given four points, A, B, C, D on a plane. Find a point O such that the sum of the distances from O to the given points is the least possible. 23.2.7.2. Prove that a trapezoid can be constructed from the sides of any quadrilateral. 23.2.7.3. Prove that any nonselfintersecting pentagon is situated on one side of at least one of its edges. 23.2.7.4. One year a Sunday never fell on a certain date in any month. Find this date. (A date here is a number n, 1 ≤ n ≤ 31). Grade 8 23.2.8.1. For what smallest n can n points be arranged on a plane so that every 3 of them are the vertices of a right triangle? 23.2.8.2. On an infinite chessboard, denote by (a, b) the square at the intersection of the a-th row and the b-th column. A piece may move from square (a, b) to any of the 8 squares (a ± m, b ± n) or (a ± n, b ± m), where m and n are fixed numbers. We know that the piece returns to its starting point after x moves. Prove that x is even. 23.2.8.3. See Problem 23.2.7.2. 23.2.8.4*. A snail crawls along a straight line, always forward, at a variable speed. Several observers in succession follow its movements during 6 minutes. Each person begins to observe before the preceding observer finishes the observation and observes the snail for exactly one minute. Each observer noticed that during his (her) minute of observation the snail has crawled exactly 1 meter. Prove that during 6 minutes the snail could have crawled at most 10 meters. 23.2.8.5. Given pentagon ABCDE in which AB = BC = CD = DE and ∠B = ∠D = 90 ◦ . Prove that a plane may be tiled with such pentagons without gaps or overlaps. Grade 9 23.2.9.1. We are given m points; each of them are connected with line segments to l points. What values can l take? 23.2.9.2. We are given an arbitrary centrally-symmetric hexagon on whose sides equilateral triangles are constructed outward. Prove that the midpoints of the segments connecting the vertices of neighboring triangles are vertices of a regular hexagon. 23.2.9.3. Prove that on any rectangular chessboard 4 squares wide a knight cannot pass each square exactly once and return in the last move to its starting position. 23.2.9.4. Find the locus of the centers of all rectangles circumscribed around a given acute triangle. 23.2.9.5*. In a square of side 100, N circles of radius 1 are arranged so that any segment of length 10 lying inside the square intersects at least one circle. Prove that N ≥ 400. Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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