60-odd years of moscow mathematical
Download 1.08 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Moscow olympiad problems
abcd − a = 1961,
abcd − b = 961, abcd − c = 61, abcd − d = 1. 1 One could actually take as many tickets as there were in the machine; it was only your conscious and, perhaps, the presence of other passangers, if any, that prevented you from abuse. Miraculously, this seldom happened. OLYMPIAD 24 (1961) 69 Grade 8 24.2.8.1. Given a figure of 16 segments, see Fig. 42. Prove that it is impossible to draw a broken line intersecting each of the segments exactly once. The broken line may be open and selfintersecting but its vertices may not lie on the segments and its links may not pass through the common endpoints of the given segments. Figure 42. (Probl. 24.2.8.1) 24.2.8.2*. The length of a diagonal of a rectangle is equal to d. The rectangle’s vertices are the centers of 4 circles of radii r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 such that r 1 + r 3 = r 2 + r 4 < d. Two pairs of outer tangents to circles 1, 3 and 2, 4, are drawn. Prove that a circle can be inscribed in the quadrilateral formed by these four tangents. (See Fig. 43.) Figure 43. (Probl. 24.2.8.2) 24.2.8.3. The sum of digits of integers k and k + l is divisible by 11 and there is no number with similar properties between them. What is the greatest value of l? (Cf. Problem 24.2.7.3.) 24.2.8.4. See Problem 24.2.7.4. 24.2.8.5. Given four numbers, a, b, c, d, we construct another four numbers: ab, bc, cd, da (each number is multiplied by the next one and the fourth number is multiplied by the first one). From these four numbers a third foursome is obtained by the same rule, etc. Prove that in the resulting sequence of foursomes we never encounter the initial one except for the case a = b = c = d = 1. Grade 9 24.2.9.1. Points A and B move uniformly with equal angle velocities clockwise along circles O 1 and O 2 , respectively. Prove that vertex C of equilateral triangle 4ABC also moves uniformly along a circle. 24.2.9.2. An m × n table is filled with certain numbers. It is allowed to simultaneously change the sign of all numbers in a column or a row. Prove that by applying this operation several times, any given table may be altered so that the sum of the numbers in any one of its columns or rows will be nonnegative. 24.2.9.3. n points are connected by segments so that each point is connected to any other by a “route”, and no two points are connected by more than one such “route”. Prove that there are n − 1 segments altogether. 24.2.9.4. a, b, p are integers. Prove that there exist relatively prime integers k, l such that ak + bl is divisible by p. 70 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 24.2.9.5. Nick and Pete divide between themselves 2n + 1 nuts, n ≥ 2, and each tries to get the greater share, naturally. According to The Rule there are three ways to divide the nuts. Each way consists of three steps and the 1-st and 2-nd steps are common for all three ways. 1-st step: Pete divides all nuts into two piles, each containing no less than two nuts. 2-nd step: Nick divides both piles into two, each new pile containing no less than one nut. 3-rd step: Nick sticks to either of the following methods: a) Nick takes either the biggest and the smallest pile, or b) Nick takes both medium-sized piles, or c) Nick choses either the biggest and the smallest or the medium-sized piles, but pays Pete one nut for the choice. Find the most profitable and the least profitable of methods a) – c) for Nick to divide the nuts. Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling