60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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2 2 . Find all numbers with the same property. 31.1.7.2. Arrange 16 numbers in a 4×4 table so that their sum along any vertical, horizontal or diagonal line is equal to zero. We assume that the table has 14 diagonals altogether. 31.1.7.3. Prove that for any three given numbers, each < 1 000 000, there is a number < 100 that is relatively prime to every one of the given numbers. 31.1.7.4. How may 50 cities be connected by the least possible number of airlines so that from any city one could get to any other by changing airplanes not more than once (i.e., using two planes)? Grade 8 31.1.8.1. 12 people took part in a chess tournament. After the end of the tournament every participant made 12 lists. The first list consisted of the author; the second list – of the author and of those (s)he has beaten; and so on; the 12-th list consisted of all the people on the 11-th list and those they have beaten. It is known that the 12-th list of every participant contains a person who is not on the participant’s 11-th list. How many games ended in a draw? 31.1.8.2. Given numbers 4, 14, 24, . . . , 94, 104, prove that it is impossible to strike out first one number, then another two, then another three, and then another four, so that after each striking out the sum of the remaining numbers is divisible by 11. 31.1.8.3. Is it possible to inscribe a convex heptagon A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 with angles ∠A 1 = 140 ◦ , ∠A 2 = 120 ◦ , ∠A 3 = 130 ◦ , ∠A 4 = 120 ◦ , ∠A 5 = 130 ◦ , ∠A 6 = 110 ◦ , ∠A 7 = 150 ◦ in a circle? 31.1.8.4. Find 100 numbers ssuch that x 1 = 1; 0 ≤ x 2 ≤ 2x 1 ; 0 ≤ x 3 ≤ 2x 2 ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 ≤ x 99 ≤ 2x 98 ; 0 ≤ x 100 ≤ 2x 99 ; so that the expression S = x 1 − x 2 + x 3 − x 4 + · · · + x 99 − x 100 is the greatest possible. 31.1.8.5. Is it possible to arrange 1000 segments on a plane so that the endpoints of every segment are on other segments but not at their endpoints? Grade 9 31.1.9.1. Is there a quadrilateral ABCD of area 1 such that for any point O inside it the area of at least one of the triangles 4OAB, 4OBC, 4OCD, or 4OAD is an irrational number? 31.1.9.2. Cf. Problem 31.1.8.5 for 1968 segments. 31.1.9.3. A corridor 100 meters long is covered with 20 rugs of the same width as the corridor and of a combined length of 1000 meters. What greatest number of uncovered parts may the corridor have? 31.1.9.4. Is it possible to select 100 000 telephone numbers consisting of 6 digits each so that if we simultaneously strike out the k-th digit (k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) of every number, we get all numbers 00 000 to 99 999? 31.1.9.5. Prove that if p and q are primes and q = p + 2, then p q + q p .. . p + q. Grade 10 31.1.10.1*. 100 airplanes (one in the lead, 99 following) take off simultaneously from the same airport. A plane with a full tank of fuel can cover a distance of 1000 km. During a flight, fuel may be transferred from one plane to another. A plane that gave all its fuel to the other planes makes a gliding landing. How should the flight be organized for the leading plane to fly as far as possible? 31.1.10.2. Two people are playing a game. There are two piles containing 33 and 35 candies. A player eats up one of the piles and divides the second one into two (not necessarily equal) parts. If (s)he cannot divide a pile because it only has one candy, (s)he eats the candy and wins. Moves are made in turn. Who will win the game, the one who starts or the other party, and how should they play to win? OLYMPIAD 31 (1968) 89 31.1.10.3. The Rule states: integers m and n belong to the same subset if one can be obtained from the other by striking out two of its adjacent identical digits or two identical groups of digits (for example, the numbers 7, 9 339 337, 93 223 393 447, 932 239 447 belong to the same subset). Is it possible to divide the set of all non-negative integers into 1968 subsets, with at least one number in each, so that the Rule is fulfilled? 31.1.10.4. Using a given sequence of positive numbers q 1 Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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