60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 9
30.1.9.1. A maze consists of n circles, all tangent to straight line L at M . All circles are on the same side of L and their lengths form a geometric progression with denominator 2. Two pedestrians enter the maze at different moments. Their speeds are equal but the directions of their trajectories are different. Each of them circumvents all circles, starting with the smaller, in increasing order and, having circumvent the greatest, enters the smallest one again. Prove that the pedestrians will meet each other. (See Fig. 62.) Figure 62. (Probl. 30.1.9.1) Figure 63. (Probl. 30.1.9.2) 30.1.9.2. Is it possible to cut a square pie into 9 pieces of equal area by choosing two points inside the square and connecting each of them by straight cuts with all vertices of the square? If it is possible, how can the two points be found? (See Fig. 63.) 30.1.9.3. See Problem 30.1.8.2. 30.1.9.4. Consider integers with the sum of their digits divisible by 7. What is the greatest difference between two consecutive such integers? 30.1.9.5. We transpose the first 12 digits of a 120-digit number in all possible ways, and out of the 120-digit numbers obtained we randomly choose 120 numbers. Prove that the sum of the chosen numbers is divisible by 120. Grade 10 30.1.10.1. Inside a square consider k points (k > 2). Into what least number of triangles must we divide the square for each triangle to contain not more than one point? 30.1.10.2. Prove that in a circle of radius 1 there may be not more than 5 points such that the distance between any two of them is greater than 1. 30.1.10.3. Prove that the equation 19x 3 − 17y 3 = 50 has no integer solutions. 86 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 30.1.10.4. An infinite pie occupying all space has raisins of diameter 0.1 with centers at the points with integer coordinates. Finitely many planes cut the pie. Prove that there still exists an uncut raisin. 30.1.10.5. Of the first k primes 2, 3, 5, . . . , p k (k > 4) we compose all possible products every prime entering the product not more than once, e.g. 3 · 5, 3 · 5 · · · · · p k , 11 · 13, 7, etc. Let S be the sum of all such products. Prove that S + 1 is the product of more than 2k prime factors. Tour 30.2 Grade 7 30.2.7.1. In 4ABC, consider heights AE, BM and CP . It turns out that EM k AB and EP k AC. Prove that M P k BC. 30.2.7.2. Four electric bulbs must be installed above a square skating-rink in order to illuminate it completely. At what least height may the lamps be hung, if each lamp illuminates a disc of a radius equal to the lamps’ height from the floor? 30.2.7.3. Prove that there exists an integer q such that the decimal expression of q · 2 1000 contains no zeros. Cf. Problem 30.2.8.1. 30.2.7.4. A number y is obtained from a positive integer x by a permutation of its digits. Prove that x + y 6= 99...99 (1967 nines). 30.2.7.5. Spotlights, each of which illuminates a right angle, are placed at four given points on a plane. The sides of the illuminated angles may be directed only to the north, south, west or east. Prove that the spotlights may be so directed that they illuminate the entire plane; see Fig. 64. Figure 64. (Probl. 30.2.7.5) Grade 8 30.2.8.1. See Problem 30.2.7.3 for q · 2 1967 . 30.2.8.2. Denote by d(N ) the number of divisors of N (1 and N are also considered as divisors of N ). Find all N such that N/d(N ) = p is a prime. 30.2.8.3. A square is constructed on each side of a right triangle and the entire figure is inscribed in a circle. For what right triangles is this possible? Cf. Problem 30.2.9.3. 30.2.8.4. A black king and 499 white rooks stand on a 1000 × 1000 chess-board. Black and white pieces move in turn. Prove that whatever the strategy of the whites, the king may always commit suicide after several moves (i.e., get in the way of a rook). 30.2.8.5. Seven children decided to visit seven movie theaters one day. At each movie theater the shows started at 9.00, 10.40, 12.20, 14.00, 15.40, 17.20, 19.00 and 20.40 (altogether 8 shows). Six children went together to each show, and each time the seventh kid (not necessarily the same person each time) decided to be independent and went to another movie theater. By night each kid had been to each of the seven theaters chosen. Prove that there was a show in each movie that none of the children saw. Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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