60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 11
28.1.11.1. Each coefficient of a polynomial f (x) is equal to 1, 0 or −1. Prove that all real roots (if any) of the polynomial lie on the segment [−2, 2]. 82 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 28.1.11.2. Given three points on a plane, construct three circles tangent to one another at these points. Consider all possible cases. 28.1.11.3. In the quadratic equation x 2 + px + q = 0, the coefficients p and q independently take on all values from segment [−1, 1]. Find the set of real roots of these quadratic equations. 28.1.11.4. Given circle O, a point A on it, the perpendicular erected at A to the plane on which O lies, and a point B on this perpendicular. Find the locus of bases of perpendiculars drawn from A to the straight line through B and any point on circle O. 28.1.11.5*. Given 20 cards with each of the figures 0, . . . , 9 written on two of these cards. Find whether it is possible to arrange the cards in a row so that the zeros are next to one another, the 1’s have one card between them, the twos have two cards between them, etc., and the nines have nine cards between them. Tour 28.2 Grade 8 28.2.8.1*. Given an infinite in both ways sequence . . . , a −n , . . . , a −1 , a 0 , a 1 , . . . , a n , . . . , where a n = 14(a n−1 + a n+1 ), prove that if some two of its terms (not necessarily adjacent) are equal, then the sequence contains an infinite number of pairs of equal terms. 28.2.8.2. We place a rectangular billiard table of size 26 × 1965 so that two of its longer sides are oriented North-South and its shorter sides are oriented East-West. The pockets are only at the vertices of the rectangle. A ball is shot from the lower left (SW) pocket of the billiard at an angle of 45 ◦ . Prove that after several rebounds from the sides the ball will reach the upper left (NW) pocket. 28.2.8.3. We divide two paper discs of different size into 1965 equal sectors. On each of the discs we select at random 200 sectors and paint them red. We put the smaller disc on top of the bigger one, so that their centers coincide and the sectors of one lie just over the sectors of the other. A position is the new relation between discs that they assume after we rotate the smaller disc through all angles that are multiples of 2π 1965 , while the bigger disc is fixed. Prove that in at least 60 positions not more than 20 red sectors of both discs coincide. 28.2.8.4*. In a fairyland, a row of houses, with square foundations of side a, stands between two parallel streets. The distance between the streets is 3a, and the distance between two neighboring houses is 2a. One street is patrolled by cops who stroll at a distance of 9a from one another, at a constant speed v no matter what. When the first cop passes the middle of a certain house, a robber appears, exactly opposite the cop, on the other street, see Fig. 61. Figure 61. (Probl. 28.2.8.4) The robber is doomed to move with a constant speed; thanks to a Good Fairy the robber can reach any value of speed, without any acceleration, instantaneously. At what constant speed and in which direction should the robber move along that street so that no cop spots him? Grade 9 28.2.9.1. See Problem 28.2.10.1. 28.2.9.2. We shot a ball from a vertex of a rectangular billiard table with pockets at its vertices at an angle of at 45 ◦ to the side. If the ball reaches a pocket, it fells into it. After a while the ball reached the midpoint of a certain side. Prove that it could not have already touched the midpoint of the opposite side. 28.2.9.3. See Problem 28.2.8.1. 28.2.9.4. See Problem 28.2.10.2. OLYMPIAD 29 (1966) 83 28.2.9.5. Find the locus of the centers of equilateral triangles circumscribed around an arbitrary given triangle. Grade 10 28.2.10.1. We have 11 sacks of coins and a balance with two pans and a hand dial that indicates which pan contains a heavier load and what is the difference in their weights. We can weigh any number of coins from any sack. We know that all coins in one sack are counterfeit, and all other coins are genuine. All genuine coins are of weight x, whereas all counterfeit coins are of weight y, where neither x nor y are known. What is the least number of weighings needed to determine which sack has counterfeit coins? 28.2.10.2. On a n × n piece of graph paper, we arrange black and white cubes so that each cube stands on exactly one 1 × 1 square formed by the paper’s mesh. We had formed the first layer of n 2 cubes when The Rule was issued: two cubes are called neighboring to each other if they have a common face; each black Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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