60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
of n into groups of 3 digits from right to left. If the sum of the resulting three-digit numbers is divisible
by 37, then n .. . 37. (These three-digit numbers may begin with zeros and, therefore, be actually two-digit or one-digit numbers; e.g., the left-most group can be so.) 28.1.8.3. Given straight line a and two nonparallel segments AB and CD on one side of it. Find a point M on a such that 4ABC and 4CDM have equal areas. 28.1.8.4. 30 teams participate in a soccer tournament. Prove that during the tournament there always exist two teams which have played the same number of games. Grade 9 28.1.9.1. A six-digit number is divisible by 37. All its digits are different. Prove that one can form from the same digits another six-digit number divisible by 37. 28.1.9.2. Inside a given triangle ABC, find a point O such that the ratio of areas of triangles 4AOB, 4BOC and 4COA is equal to 1 : 2 : 3. 1 The original formulation was vague. It did not state that AB 6= BC. But if AB = BC the circle’s center of mass lies on the circle causing a degeneracy. It was also unclear whether the center of mass will automatically be outside the circle constructed, or to have it outside is an extra condition. OLYMPIAD 28 (1965) 81 28.1.9.3. Consider 4ABC with AB > BC and bisectors AK and CM , where K is on BC and M on AB. Prove that AM > M K > KC. 28.1.9.4. In Illiria, some pairs of towns are connected by direct airlines. Prove that there exist two towns in Illiria that are connected with the same number of other towns. (Cf. Problem 28.1.8.4.) 28.1.9.5. An elderly woman decides to reduce noise from the flat below by placing along her (rectangular) corridor rectangular mats of the same width as the corridor. The mats cover the entire floor and even overlap so that certain portions of the floor are covered by several layers. Prove that it is always possible to remove several mats, perhaps taking them from underneath and leaving the others in their original positions, so that the floor will remain completely covered and the combined length of the remaining mats will be less than twice the length of the corridor. Grade 10 28.1.10.1. The circles O 1 and O 2 are inside 4ABC. They are tangent to each other externally; more- over, O 1 is tangent to AB and BC, and O 2 is tangent to AB and AC. Prove that the sum of the radii of these circles is greater than the radius of the circle inscribed in ABC. (See Fig. 59.) Figure 59. (Probl. 28.1.10.1) Figure 60. (Probl. 28.1.10.3) 28.1.10.2. See Problem 28.1.9.1. 28.1.10.3. The endpoints of a segment of fixed length slide along the legs of a given angle. The per- pendicular to the segment is erected from its midpoint. Prove that the distance from the base of the sliding perpendicular to the point where it meets the bisector of the angle is a constant. (See Fig. 60.) 28.1.10.4. Let x > 2. Somebody writes on cards the numbers 1, x, x 2 , x 3 , . . . , x k (a number per card). Then Somebody puts some of the cards in her right pocket, some in her left pocket, and throws away the rest. Prove that the sum of the numbers in Somebody’s right pocket cannot be equal to the sum of the numbers in her left pocket. (Cf. Problem 28.1.11.1.) 28.1.10.5. A paper square has 1965 perforations. No three of the 1969 points — the union of the perfo- ration points with the square’s vertices — lie on the same straight line. We cut along several nonintersecting line segments with endpoints at perforations or vertices on the square. It turns out that the cuts divide the square into triangles inside which there are no perforations. How many cuts were made and how many triangles were obtained? Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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