A avloniy nomidagi xalq ta’limi muammolarini o‘rganish va istiqbollarini belgilash ilmiy-tadqiqot

Summative Assessment, Formal and Informal Assessment. Formative 
assessment is usually informal, whereas Summative assessment is formal. 
Sometimes, the same activity can be either formative or summative. The difference 
is what you do with the result. For example, students may write an essay. If students 
write the essay at the end of the unit, you mark it and provide a grade, then continue 
on to the next unit, this is summative assessment. However, if students write an essay 
in the middle of the unit, you provide written feedback, then continue in the same 
unit by teaching lessons based on the feedback, this is formative assessment.
Since assessment is always taking place - with or without number or other 
grades - we need to be aware of what forms of assessment and assessment tools are 
being used by teachers, students, and parents so that we can examine the effect they 
are having on the learning process.

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Assessment methods differ based on context and purpose. For example, 
personality tests use your responses to discover character traits, and financial 
assessments measure how much you know about concepts like saving and 
investments.
Regardless of the context, all assessment tools depend on a set of well-thought-
out questions to gather insights and arrive at informed conclusions by interpreting 
these insights. Below in the table, we are going to give brief information about the 
assessment tools and their description.
Assessment Tool Types 
Assessment 
Tool 
Description 
Anecdotal 
Record 
An informal record of an event or behavior observed in the 
class. 
Benchmark 
Standards to help a teacher determine students’ progress in 
literacy development. 
Checklist 
An assessment guideline listing skills, behaviors, or 
characteristics to help guide and record teacher observations 
of students as they perform certain tasks. There are also 
student checklists that can be used by students for self-
assessment purpose. 
Conference 
A meeting or conversation involving teacher, student, family 
members to discuss a student’s progress. The purpose is to 
facilitate one-on-one exchanges, and allow the student to 
express him-or herself. In a parent conference, the basic is to 
inform parents of their children’s progress and school 
performance.