Accounting for Managers
Cost Accounting in Action
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Accounting for Managers
Cost Accounting in Action
127 assign costs to cost objects. Estimate an appli- cation rate. Allocate indi- rect costs based on use of the allocation base. If actu- al manufacturing overhead and applied manufacturing overhead are not equal, a year-end adjustment is required. (We’ll look at the procedure for doing this later.) Process costing is used where product units are homoge- neous, such as in refining petroleum, milling flour, or producing cement. In process costing, the total output is treated as a sin- gle unit of output. The individual gallon of heating oil or ben- zene from a refinery does not have identification. Manufactur- ing overhead is spread equally to each unit produced. As a result of these product/production characteristics, process costing does not differentiate among individual units or specific product batches, other than in the most general periods, such as the production month. Instead, it divides accumulated costs for a period by quantities produced during that period to get average unit costs. Production can follow process-costing procedures until it reaches a split-off point. The resulting output can then switch over to job-costing procedures as the individual product takes shape. Many permutations are possible during a complicated and branching production process. Assuming a single product, the indirect costs still go into a cost pool, which becomes the overhead allocation for the unit of production. When there are multiple processes, then man- agers have to allocate overhead based on their judgment. The criteria for this allocation are as much art as science. One place to start is the product sales mix: allocate the overhead cost pool by the percentage of sales for each product. Different cost accounting systems have other suggestions on how to build this basic analysis. Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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