Accounting for Managers
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successful business, you must know the financial impact of
your most basic business decisions.
What happens if your sales volume drops? How low can it
go before you see red ink? If you chop your prices to sell more,
how much more will you have to sell? What are your most prof-
itable products or services? If you or the sales force push them,
how much more will you make? Enough to expand? If you take
out a loan to expand and the interest forces fixed costs up, what
sales volume will cover those increased costs?
The breakeven equation (BE) and related cost/volume/profit
(CVP) analysis corollaries can answer these questions and many
more about your business
operations. BE/CVP analy-
sis looks at the relationship
among your fixed and vari-
able costs, your volume (in
terms of units or in terms
of dollars), and your prof-
its.
The two principal breakeven (BE) analysis formulas are:
breakeven sales volume = fixed costs
÷ contribution margin ratio
breakeven sales dollars = gross sales
− variable costs − fixed costs
The contribution margin ratio is sales price (SP) minus vari-
able costs (VC). The contribution margin (CM) is gross sales
(S) minus VC. This remainder contains the fixed costs (FC) plus
any profit.
Cost/volume/profit
(CVP) analysis A way of
examining the relationship
among your costs (fixed and variable),
your volume (as units or as dollars),
and your profits.
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