Accounting for Managers
How Changes in Fixed Costs, Variable
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Accounting for Managers
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- Accounting for Managers 94
- Limitations of BE/CVP Analysis
How Changes in Fixed Costs, Variable
Costs, and Price Behave • Breakeven changes in the same direction as a change in fixed costs: as fixed costs go up, breakeven goes up. • Breakeven changes in the same direction as a change in variable costs: as variable costs go up, breakeven goes up. • Breakeven changes in the opposite direction as a change in selling price: as selling price goes up, breakeven goes down. Webster05.qxd 8/29/2003 5:41 PM Page 93 Accounting for Managers 94 X = $86,154 ÷ $4 X = 21,538.5 units (You won’t sell half a unit, so round up.) Sales in dollars = 21,539 x $10 or $215,390 The income statement below shows that $215,390 in sales will get you an after-tax profit of $30,000 after rounding. Sales $215,390 Less: Variable costs 129,234 Contribution margin $86,156 Less: Fixed costs 40,000 Profit before taxes $46,156 Less: Income taxes 16,155 Profit after taxes $30,001 Limitations of BE/CVP Analysis Given the assumptions surrounding BE/CVP analysis listed earlier, you should understand that many of them create real-world limitations associated with BE/CVP analysis. The analysis assumes a linear sales function and a linear cost func- tion. Costs in particular can move in stair-step fashion with increased volume.The level of output can affect both selling price and variable costs.This creates nonlinear relationships, resulting in two or more breakeven points. The analysis assumes that price, total fixed costs, and unit variable costs can be clearly identified and stay steady over the relevant range. This area is one of the hardest to pin down, as quantities and values are constantly shifting. If mixed costs cannot be separated into fixed and variable, breakeven results will be inaccurate and of limited use. The analysis assumes that you sell all inventory or production. Unsold inventory makes breakeven calculations moot. Also, the BE/CVP analysis does not recognize cash flow. It assumes only short- term profit planning. It considers neither the time value of money nor the timing of revenues and costs. For multiple-product analysis, you know the product sales mix. Rarely will customers buy in exactly the product mix ratios you calcu- late.You can determine the contribution margin only for a particular product mix. If the product mix actually sold differs from that used in the analysis, expected profit and realized profit will be different. Webster05.qxd 8/29/2003 5:41 PM Page 94 |
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