Agensi antidadah kebangsaan kementerian dalam negeri

157
Rafidah Aga Mohd Jaladin , m/s 155-172
Table 1 : Total Number of Drug Addicts Traced According
to Case Status
New
Relapse
Total
Year
Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
(%)
(%)
(%)
1994
11,672
40.59
17,084
59.41
28,756
100
1995
13,140
38.53
20,964
61.47
34,104
100
1996
13,846
45.25
16,752
54.75
30,598
100
1997
17,342
47.80
18,942
52.20
36,284
100
1998
21,073
56.06
16,515
43.94
37,588
100
1999
17,915
50.67
17,444
49.33
35,359
100
2000
14,850
48.54
15,743
51.46
30,593
100
2001
15,831
50.17
15,725
49.83
31,556
100
2002
17,080
53.55
14,813
46.45
31,893
100
2003
20,194
54.58
16,802
45.42
36,996
100
Source: National Drug Information System (NADI, 2003)
Table 2 : The Distribution of Drug Addicts Among Students
According to Their Levels of Education
Year Primary Form 1 Form 2 Form 3 Form 4 Form 5 Form 6 University/
school
Colleges
1999
-
-
5
24
29
67
62
88
-
-
1.82% 48.73% 10.55% 24.36% 22.55% 32.00%
2000
1
2
9
26
49
58
-
134
0.36%
0.72% 3.23% 9.32% 17.56% 20.79% 0.00% 48.03%
2001
1
2
11
38
59
85
84
128
0.25% 0.49% 2.70% 9.31% 14.46% 20.83% 20.59% 31.37%
2002
-
1
5
26
54
102
100
165
-
0.22% 1.10% 5.74% 11.92% 22.52% 22.08% 36.42%
2003
-
-
7
18
26
68
116
226
-
-
1.52% 3.90% 5.64% 14.75% 25.16% 49.02%
Source: National Drug Information System (NADI, 2003)

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JURNAL ANTIDADAH MALAYSIA
JURNAL ANTIDADAH MALAYSIA
158
Rafidah Aga Mohd Jaladin , m/s 155-172
Since drug abuse cases among students (especially those in
secondary schools) are worrisome, corrective and preventive measures
should be taken in order to reduce the number of drug addicts among
students. However, due to limited time, energy, resources, and not to
mention financial assistance, the corrective and preventive measures
cannot be implemented on all students. As an alternative, it is best to
focus on those students who are categorized as vulnerable or in the high-
risk groups. Unfortunately, there aren't many studies that examined the
predictors of students' involvement in drug abuse. Thus, there is a great
need for parents, teachers, policy makers, law enforcers and the education
ministry to understand the basic information regarding those who are
vulnerable or the high-risk group. This basic information encompasses
the demographic details of those students who have been convicted for
drug abuse crimes.
The present study examines the demographic details of students
convicted for drug abuse crimes in terms of gender, age, number of
siblings, parental vocational status, home location and home
environment. The study is also interested to find out the reasons and
resources of drug abuse. Specifically, the study has the following
objectives:
i. To examine the demographic determinants of students convicted
for drug abuse crimes;
ii. To identify the source of involvement of these students in drug
abuse; and
iii. To identify the drug resources available to students.
Based on these objectives, there are three research questions that
need to be addressed in this study:
i. What are the demographic determinants of students convicted
for drug abuse crimes?
ii. What are the sources of involvement that make the students
become drug addicts?
iii. What are the means of getting the drugs?
For the purpose of this study, 'drug' is defined as a psychoactive
chemical substance that is used as medicine or narcotics. Whereas, 'drug
abuse' refers to a drug that is taken for non-medicinal reasons (usually

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Demographic Determinants of Drug Abuse Problem
Among Secondary School Students in an Urban Area
159
Rafidah Aga Mohd Jaladin , m/s 155-172
for mind-altering effects); drug abuse can lead to physical and mental
damage and (with some substances) dependence and addiction (Agensi
Dadah Kebangsaan, 2003). Drug abuse also means the use of one or more
type(s) of drug by means of injection, inhalation, drinking, sniffing, or
any other ways that can cause the person stupor or become subconscious.
Drug abuse also refers to improper and excessive use of drug to alter
consciousness. 'Student' refers to an adolescent within the schooling age
range and is still studying at any private or government school.