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44. The correct answer is (E). Germany did not become a nation until the second half of the nineteenth
century. From the Middle Ages, the Holy Roman Empire encompassed an astonishing 300 German
principalities but really exercised little control over them.

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■ SAT II Subject Tests
45. The correct answer is (A). England conquered Ireland during the Middle Ages and ruled the coun-
try, sometimes brutally, for several hundred years. In 1921, Ireland—minus the six northern prov-
inces that make up Northern Ireland—was granted dominion status. Gradually, Ireland severed all
political ties to Great Britain. Northern Ireland, however, remains a part of Great Britain.
46. The correct answer is (C). The statements are characteristic of Deism, a philosophy of the Enlight-
enment. It originated in Great Britain as a natural theology and was distinctly antitheological. In
France, the philosophes mounted caustic attacks on the clergy and church doctrine.
47. The correct answer is (D). The three styles of Greek columns are:
Doric
Corinthian
Ionic
48. The correct answer is (B). The figure is the emblem of the United Nations.
49. The correct answer is (B). The Chartist movement was organized in Great Britain in the late 1830s
by city workers to attain political reforms and to improve living conditions. Its Charter (the Peoples’
Charter) demanded universal manhood suffrage, an end to property qualifications for members of Par-
liament, equal electoral districts, secret ballots, compensation for members of Parliament, and annual
election of members of Parliament. Although the Chartist movement itself died out, all of the demands
of the group—except for the one regarding annual elections—were eventually enacted into law.