An arco book arco is a registered trademark of Thomson Learning, Inc., and is used herein under license by Peterson’s. About The Thomson Corporation and Peterson’s

37. The correct answer is (E). The Romantic movement was a reaction against the classical movement
of the eighteenth century. In contrast to the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, which empha-
sized reason, the Romantic movement emphasized emotions, intuition, nature, and faith.

---

World History Subject Test
179
ARCO
■ SAT II Subject Tests
w w w . p e t e r s o n s . c o m / a r c o
38. The correct answer is (D). Excommunication (expelling an individual from the Church) and inter-
dict (forbidding religious services in a geographical region) were powerful weapons of the Church
during the Middle Ages. As for I, Church members could purchase indulgences that would relieve
them of the burden of some sin.
39. The correct answer is (B). Aquinas was a great medieval philosopher who was profoundly influ-
enced by Aristotle. In his Summa Theologica, Aquinas attempts to reconcile Church doctrine and rea-
son.
40. The correct answer is (A). In 1878, a French company under the direction of Ferdinand de Lesseps,
the builder of the Suez Canal, obtained from Colombia a concession to build a canal across its north-
ern province of Panama. After spending about $300 million, the French company ran out of money
and had to stop work on the project. In 1903, the United States negotiated a treaty with Colombia for
the canal rights, but the treaty was rejected by Colombia, which wanted more money. Phillipe Bunau-
Varilla, the former chief engineer of the canal project and a stockholder in the reorganized French
company, engineered a revolution to secure Panama’s independence from Colombia. The revolution
succeeded mainly because the United States navy prevented Colombia from intervening to suppress
the uprising. The United States immediately recognized the new nation, and the Hay-Bunau-Varilla
Treaty secured to the United States the canal rights on essentially the same terms that had been
offered to Colombia.