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20. The correct answer is (C). In Britain, the initial reaction to the French Revolution was mixed. Groups
of lower-middle class and working class people formed clubs based on the principles of the French
Revolution. Others, however, were alarmed. Following the abolition of the French monarchy, the
British passed legislation making it treason to speak or write against the government. Thus, in Great
Britain, conservatism and reaction were strengthened for a while.

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World History Subject Test
177
ARCO
■ SAT II Subject Tests
w w w . p e t e r s o n s . c o m / a r c o
21. The correct answer is (C). By the Treaty of Paris (1898), which followed the end of the Spanish-
American War, the United States acquired the Philippine Islands from Spain for 20 million dollars.
United States businessmen hoped that acquisition of the Philippines would give the United States a
strategic and economic base in the Far East. Expansionists worried, however, that this aim might be
defeated by Japan and certain European nations which enjoyed spheres of influence in China. In an
effort to ensure that the United States would have access to China, John Hay, President McKinley’s
secretary of state, sent a circular note to several world powers asking that each nation pledge itself to
a principle of commercial equality. This note became known as the Open Door Note. A few months
after the note was sent, the Boxer Rebellion, an armed uprising by anti-foreign Chinese, had to be put
down by a combination of military forces.
22. The correct answer is (A). Mohammed advocated the union of religious, civil, and military author-
ity. By the time of his death in 632 A.D., he had established control over the principal cities of Arabia.
Following his death, his followers conquered territory with astonishing rapidity. Within a century,
they had spread as far east as India. They controlled the northern coast of Africa, most of Spain, and
part of Gaul. Their advance in the west was stopped by Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours (732).
Consequently, the Moslems never reached England.