88. The correct answer is (E). The revolutionary forces consisted of the Continental Army of about
5,000 troops, supplemented by state militia units. The forces were led by inexperienced amateur
officers. George Washington, for example, the commander in chief, had been only a regimental colo-
nel On the Virginia frontier. The British army consisted of 50,000 professional soldiers and some
30,000 German mercenaries. Yet, partly for the reasons described in choices (A) through (D), the
Americans managed to win.
89. The correct answer is (B). In 1945, Korea–a colony of Japan since 1910–was divided at the 38th
parallel. The southern portion was occupied by American troops, the northern portion by Soviet troops.
The Soviet Union created a government in North Korea over which it held considerable influence. On
June 25, 1950, North Korean forces crossed the 38th parallel. The United States secured a United
Nations resolution condemning the aggression and committed ground troops to defend South Korea.
These troops were commanded by General Douglas MacArthur, a highly popular military leader.
MacArthur drove the North Korean forces back across the 38th parallel and began to talk about using
military force, including nuclear weapons against China, to unify Korea. In November, China commit-
ted troops on the side of North Korea, and a battle line eventually stabilized along the 38th parallel.
MacArthur still envisioned a total victory, but President Truman and the joint chiefs of staff had settled
on the much more limited aim of reestablishing the status quo. When MacArthur publicly sided with
Congressional leaders who favored total victory, Truman relieved him of his command.
90. The correct answer is (E). The more business entities there are in a market to compete against each
other, the more competitive the market is. Steel production and oil refining are concentrated in the
hands of a few large businesses. As for railroad transportation and electrical service, your own expe-
rience should tell you that you don’t have much choice in the matter.
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