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76. The correct answer is (D). The Emancipation Proclamation had very little effect on the status of
slaves. It freed only those slaves held in states still at war against the Union, but those were areas still
under Confederate control.
77. The correct answer is (A). In a news conference in 1954, President Eisenhower, in addressing the
French request for American aid for its military efforts in Vietnam, stated that Southeast Asia was like
a row of dominoes and that if one were knocked over the entire row would follow. The “domino
theory” was a frequently used justification for the United States’ military presence in Vietnam.
78. The correct answer is (B). The received wisdom regarding the transition from the Articles of Con-
federation to the Constitution argues that the step was a necessary one given several serious weak-
nesses in the government established by the Articles. The weaknesses included the lack of any taxing
power and the lack of power to control interstate commerce. The statements above can be used to
argue that a strong national government was not needed because state and local governments did the
job in a more democratic way. Further, interstate commerce didn’t need controlling. And finally, the
national government did not itself need any taxing authority.

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Lesson 6
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ARCO
■ SAT II Subject Tests
79. The correct answer is (E). By 1820, the Federalist party was a defunct organization, killed by its
opposition to the War of 1812 and by growth in the West where its policies were opposed. In 1820, the
Republican party candidate, James Monroe, won all but one electoral vote. This landslide, however,
concealed the fact that the Republican party was not a party unified by a common vision but a loose
affiliation of different factions. In 1824, the party nominated William Crawford, a southerner, as its
presidential candidate. This choice did not meet with the approval of other segments of the party, and
three other candidates were nominated: Andrew Jackson from Tennessee, Henry Clay from Ken-
tucky, and John Quincy Adams from Massachusetts. In the electoral college the vote was:
Jackson
99
Adams
84
Crawford
41
Clay
37
Jackson received most of his support from the South and West and Adams from the Northeast. Since
no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes, the matter was transferred to the House of
Representatives. Although it was expected that Jackson would be chosen, Clay threw his support
behind Adams, who finally won the election.