An arco book arco is a registered trademark of Thomson Learning, Inc., and is used herein under license by Peterson’s. About The Thomson Corporation and Peterson’s

63. The correct answer is (D). Dr. King, who advocated a strategy of peaceful mass resistance (used by
Gandhi) and civil disobedience (described by Thoreau), was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
Elijah Muhammad founded the Black Muslim movement. Eldridge Cleaver was a leader of the Black
Panthers. Medgar Evers, who was assassinated in 1963, was secretary of the Mississippi NAACP.
And Marcus Garvey, who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association in 1914, was au-
thor of Black Nationalism, a concept that opposed integration and called for the establishment of a
black empire on the African continent.
64. The correct answer is (E). One important factor leading to the War of 1812 was American resent-
ment toward Great Britain, a resentment aggravated by the British policy of seizing American ships
and impressing American sailors. The war itself was a mixed bag. Each side had its victories and
defeats, and nothing was really gained or lost in the Treaty of Ghent (1814), which ended hostilities.
(Andrew Jackson’s famous victory in the Battle of New Orleans actually occurred after the treaty was
signed.) The War of 1812 did, however, fire a new feeling of national patriotism. Psychologically, it
was a second victory of independence. In addition, the victory thoroughly discredited the Federalist

---

Lesson 6
150
w w w . p e t e r s o n s . c o m / a r c o
ARCO
■ SAT II Subject Tests
party, centered in New England, which had so bitterly opposed the war that its leaders, at the Hartford
Convention, had actually hinted that New England states might secede from the Union.
65. The correct answer is (A). In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled that Jim Crow laws (laws that segre-
gated public facilities according to race) were not inherently unconstitutional and that separate facili-
ties were permissible so long as those facilities were equal. This ruling came to be known as the
“separate but equal” doctrine. In 1954, in Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court unani-
mously decided that racially segregated schools are “inherently unequal.”