Andijon davlat chet tillar instituti

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   Axmedova L.T., Normuratova V.I. “Teaching English practicum” / “Praktikum po metodike prepodavaniya angliyskogo yazika” - T.: 2011.
   
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   Khoshimov O’, Yaqubov I. “Ingliz tli o’qitish metodikasi” – T.: 2003.
   

5.Aхмедова Л.Т. “Роль и место педагогических технологий в
профессиональной подготовке студентов”- T.: 2009.
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English Language Teaching.” Tashkent, 2017.
Lecture-13
Independent working, types and its implementation
Plan
1.The concept of “independent work” and its aims, tasks in TFL methodology. 2.Performing independent work in the classroom, auditorium, at home, at school, outside the auditorium.
3.Types of independent work.
4.Ways of forming students’ skills of independent working with scientific methodological literature.


Key words: independent work, teaching, learning process, motivation, educational process, planning, orientation, execution, control, syllabus, nonscheduled consultation.
In the centuries XVIII and XIX the capitalist society establishes the necessity of increasing the scientific development of the middle class, and at the same time the necessity of knowing the history, literature and the way of living of other countries through the reading of articles in their own languages.The general objectives of our National System of Education express:"…the necessity that students acquire a scientific conception of the world based on a deep knowledge of the basis of science; develop their intellectual and physical capacities and acquire an aesthetic, moral, polytechnic and labor as well as ideopolitical education according to the principles of the working class."From here, it is important to analyze the individual and social values of the study and knowledge of foreign languages, in this case English.
Nowadays, education is a dynamic process and it is in constant transformation. These changes answer to the great
demands of modern times. That is why, it has been necessary to give a really active character to the teaching – learning– process in which the correct orientation of independent work plays an important role. Independent work constitutes an effective, practical and productive form for the student’s formation, since such formation is a complex process that should be undertaken in any activity that propitiates its consolidation.
Independent work in teaching cannot be carried out without the aid of an adequate guidance by the teacher from the pedagogical point of view, although the student’s cognitive process of learning must not be forgotten. A task is required to exist: the establishment of a task by the teacher and the time in
order to solve it, as well as the performance of an intellectual effort on the part of the students, in order to carry it out correctly. A motivation toward the task should also exist. What is understood by independent work? Independent work, on the part of the students, consist in a productive attitude from the pupils towards the act of learning through their own activities. A correct guidance on the part of the teacher and the gradation and organization of the material is particularly needed. The teacher assigns several tasks to be achieved in a given period of time; the student should be encourage to investigate in order to solve problemic situations. Well planned independent work or assignments will grant the development of capacities, abilities, independence and logical thinking.
In other words the student’s independent work is that form of the educational process carried out inside our outside the classroom, within a schedule, and in the course of which the students have to read and analyze the oriented literature, developing an intellectual, creative and intense activity for the mastery of some topic.Independent work, in whatever form and class, is the most efficient type of activity for students, by means of direct, indirect, and guiding action of the professor. The performing of independent work is a fundamental condition in order to develop the abilities and habits of the student’s self education. It is furthermore, significant to point out that independent work provides adolescent, to a great extent, with the formation of several motivation aspects, taking into consideration some methodological requirements.
That is why, it is necessary for a person to receive a system of influence in his or her formation, where school plays an important role, and within the educational process, independent work offers innumerable potentialities for the development of personality. Adequate education of personality includes a correct vocational formation, since it cannot be conceived like a spontaneous process, or as the addition of a group of measures or developing actions without keeping in mind the complexity and integrality of the process of education of the personality, of which the professional aspects form part and to a great extent, independent work if it were well planned, guided and directed in a conscious way, possesses many intellectual resources for the adolescent’s potential future professional life. For these reasons, independent work unquestionably constitutes an effective, practical and productive form for the student’s formation, since such formation is a complex process that should be undertaken in any activity that propitiates its consolidation; this work should be structured taking into account the contributions that the several independent task that are programmed offer in all pedagogical processes, which includes, above all, the Marxist conception of the personality, so that a group of considerations susceptible of application in a group of actions may be derived from independent work as a builder of the personality that is needed by our society in accordance with social demands.
For a better comprehension of independent work, it is necessary to point out its stages. These are:
– Planning
– Orientation
– Execution
– Control
While talking about planning, it should be said that this stage permits the real organization of the activity. For instance, for a good planning it is necessary to:
– Observe the time used for each activity.
– Determine the distribution of the activities.
– Make a good- self preparation on the teachers part.
– Prepare the orientation of the activity.
The organization of the system of independent work and, in a special way, its orientation should be directed to guarantee that in its process of execution the students feel emotions that propitiate new strengths and, at the same time, they connect a high energy in such a way that the same process of execution
becomes a source of stimulus and strengthens the inclination of the student to assume the execution of complementary task, that permit to avoid obstacles that should appear in the process or to assume the execution of new tasks with a higher level of difficulty.
For the successful execution of the tasks in the system of independent work it is indispensable for the students to be well oriented; that is to say when the performance begins, the students know which is the way to go through, which are the complementary tasks that they should perform and the order in which they should perform, what they should look for and how. All this allows to state that the success of an independent activity depends largely on the way is oriented by the professor, who always has to act as a facilitator of learning.
When orienting a task as independent work, the teacher should explain the details of the material, the ways of execution and she/ he should have the students remember the acquired knowledge that could help in the performance of the task. All this should be directed to avoid any mechanical activity and, at the same time, awaken interest in the widening of their knowledge, and for developing habits and skills; that is to say,a real independent activity requires a consciousness on the
student¢ s part to know what he is doing and what for.
While performing the task assigned as independent work, the students become aware of the objective proposed, that is why a correct orientation of the different activities is necessary,in such a way that the students do not find deviations in his/
her performance.
We should take into consideration that in the students’ motivation, that is to
say, the creation of a favorable atmosphere that take them to execute the oriented tasks, the orientation of independent work on the teacher¢ s part plays an
important role, based on an adequate organization of the tasks in the system of independent work.
A correct orientation of independent work requires the accomplishment of the following requisites by the teacher:
-To master the content taught in the syllabus, as well as the depth and range of the new one.
-Analysis and selection of the appropriate contents for the development of independent work, according to the degree of difficulty the students present, and the level they have reached.
-To fix that the time disposed is the appropriate one, according to the complexity of the task, the real possibilities of students, their age and the level of cognitive independence they have reached.
-To prevent the students about possible difficulties that may appear in the development of independent work and warn them in these aspects.
-To determine the content and plan the activity in such away that it may help in their future independent works.
On the other hand, teachers should not orient difficult tasks, because these demoralize students, lead them to a lack of interest, and their performing does not guarantee the development of habits and skills. At the same time, to obtain better results while orienting independent work, the teacher should:
-Meditate about the unit which is more appropriate for the activity.
-Determine the objectives to be fulfilled at the end of the activity.
-Select and prepare the teaching means to be used.
-Prepare the explanation of the different activities in a clear and comprehensible way, so the message may be easily understood.
-Make an adequate distribution of the activities, from simple to complex.
-Have different variants and methods for the students to be used during the activity.
-Meditate about the way of asking for the results(oral, written, individually or in groups)
Besides all this, for the orientation of independent work, it is also necessary:
-The use of a method that brings motivation to the students towards the research and acquisition of knowledge.
-The orientation of this activity, into account the first aspect.
-The specification of students’ requirements about performance and delivery of work, which may be programmed for next class or for nonscheduled consultation.
-To keep in mind the professional character of independent work.
It is also important to consider that independent work:
-Requires a strong motivation on the part of students for the activity.
-Requires control which guarantees systematicity in the development of habits and
abilities.
-It is not spontaneous.
-It is not the only oriented and controlled inside the class but also outside.
-It is effective, provided that really developing classes are taught.
-It stimulates research aspects.
-It requires direct and indirect guiding by the professor, although he or she does not need to control every detail.
Having all these considerations in mind, we are able to fulfill the objective of education in our society: forming and independent and creative person who is capable of solving social needs.