Англиискии для вас Новый курс XXI века

Exercise 15. Make up dialogues based on these situations.

1. 
   Introduce your colleague to a foreign colleague. 2. Ask Mr Stone when you could see him. 3. Ask your friend why he did not answer your phone call last Saturday. 4. Offer a cup of tea to your guest.
   

LESSON THIRTEEN
I. NEW GRAMMAR STRUCTURES
1. The Present Perfect Tense (Настоящее совершенное время)

I, you We, they	have	looked through	the “A papers.
Не She	has
1, you We, they	have • not haven't	•looked through	the papers yet.
He She	has' not 'hasn’t
Have	I, you we, they	looked through	the --’papers yet?	Yes, I have. No, 1 haven’t.
Has	he she			Yes, he “Mias. 'No, he “'thasn't.

Present Perfect Tense образуется при помощи вспомогательного глаго­ла to have в форме Simple Present (have, has) и Past Participle (причастия прошедшего времени) смыслового глагола.
Форма Past Participle правильных глаголов совпадает с формой Simple Past, т. е. к инфинитиву смыслового глагола (без to) прибавляется окон­чание -(e)d: to live — lived, to stay — stayed, to study — studied, to wash — washed, to translate — translated.
Форма Past Participle большинства неправильных глаголов образуется путем изменения корневой гласной. Эти формы следует заучивать наи­зусть (см. стр. 144). В словарях обычно даются три формы неправильных глаголов: инфинитив, прошедшее время (Simple Past), причастие про­шедшего времени (Past Participle).
Для разговорной речи характерно употребление сокращенных форм вспомогательного глагола to have в утвердительных и отрицательных предложениях: I’ve, we've, they’ve, he’s, she’s, it’s, haven’t, hasn’t.
He's read that book. Он (уже) прочитал эту книгу.
She’s gone for a walk. Она пошла погулять.
Present Perfect Tense употребляется: 1. для выражения действия или явления, имевшего место до момента речи и каким-то образом связанно­го с моментом речи, имеющего для него актуальное значение. Точное время действия не указывается.
We’ve done our homework and can go for a walk now. Мы выполнили до­машнее задание и сейчас можем пойти погулять.
Has your brother left for Riga? Выехал ли ваш брат в Ригу?
В этом случае Present Perfect может употребляться:
а) без указания времени совершения действия.
Have you dictated the letter? Вы продиктовали письмо?
б) с наречиями неопределенного времени ever ( eva] (когда-либо), never I'neva] (никогда), often pafn] (часто), already [al'redi] (уже), yet (еще — в отрицательных предложениях, уже — в вопросительных предло­жениях), just [cfexst 1 (только что), lately | leith] (за последнее время, недавно).
He’s just come back from London. Он только что вернулся из Лондона.
I’ve already seen his new picture. Я уже видел его новую картину.
Have you ever Aat/lunch in this cafe'? Вы когда-нибудь завтракали в этом кафе?
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ. Наречия неопределенного времени ставятся между вспо­могательным и смысловым глаголами. Исключение составляют yet и lately.
I haven’t seen him lately. Я не встречал его последнее время.
Не hasn’t listened to the latest news yet. Он еше не слушал последние извес­тия.
Has he got up yet? Он уже встал?

2. 
   для выражения действия или явления, имевшего место в период времени, который еще не закончился, т. е. включает и настоящий момент.
   

В этом случае употребляются обстоятельственные слова: today, this week, this month, this year, this summer и т. д.
He hasn’t made any phone calls today. Он никому не звонил сегодня.
Present Perfect не употребляется в вопросительных предложениях, на­чинающихся с наречия when, поскольку в данном случае должно быть указано точное время совершения действия.
When did the geography class start? It began an hour ago. When did you see him? I saw him yesterday.
Present Perfect чаше всего переводится на русский язык глаголом со­вершенного вида в прошедшем времени.
Has he come back yet? Он уже вернулся?
Exercise 1. Give the Past Participle of the following standard verbs. Transcribe and read them.
to answer, to stay, to play, to study, to try, to like, to work, to walk, to intro­duce, to help, to hope, to wash, to pass, to brush, to watch, to live, to arrive, to receive, to shave, to open, to return, to call, to invite, to dictate, to translate, to visit
Exercise 2. Make up sentences using the table and translate them.

	I You We They He She	have has	just already never	helped them. translated texts into English, returned from Rostov, told him about that, read this book. written a letter to them.
	1 You We They	haven't	invited them listened to the latest news answered his letter met Mr Brown seen them done her homework		yet. today, this week, this month, lately.
	He She	hasn’t
Have Has	I you wc they he she	ever	passed your exam in English been there looked through the papers met Mr Smith arrived in London translated the text		yet? today? this month?

Exercise 3. Make the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues.

1. 
   A: I haven't read this book yet. Have you?
   

B: No. I haven’t read //either.*
(A: done my homework, had lunch, shaved; B: done it, had it, shaved)

2. 
   Л₇: What’s Peter doing?
   

8. 
   He’s reading a book.
   

A₂: Has he done his homework yet?
B: Yes, he has.
(Л/ written the letter, listened to the latest news, looked through the papers)

3. 
   A: I met Peter yesterday.
   

8. 
   How’s he? I haven’t seen him lately.
   

A: He’s fine.
(A: Nick, John; B: this month, this week)

4. 
   A: Peter has just come back from St. Petersburg.
   

either faida] тоже (в отрицательных предложениях)

8. 
   Oh, has he? How did he like it? I was there last year and 1 liked it very much.
   

(J: London, Kiev. Samarkand)
Exercise 4. Respond to these requests according to the model.
Please help Peter do his homework, (already)
I’ve already helped him.

8. 
   Please close the window, (already) 2. Please show Mike your coat, (just) 3. Please translate this text into Russian, (just) 4. Please take a shower, (already) 5. Please wake up John, (just) 6. Please look through these telegrams, (already) 7. Please answer this letter, (already) 8. Please call them up. (just) 9. Please buy some bread, (already)
   

Exercise 5. Respond to these questions according to the model.
Ann’s going to buy a new coat. And Mary'? (today)
Mary’s bought a new coat today.

8. 
   John’s going to play the piano. And Mike? (just) 2. He’s going to read this book. And Bill? (this week) 3. Jane went for a walk an hour ago. And Peter? (just) 4. He’s going to take a shower. And John? (already) 5. They were very busy last week. And Mr Green? (this week) 6. They came home two hours ago. And Peter? (just) 7. Peter arrived in Moscow half and an hour ago. And Ann? (already) 8. I am going to answer these letters. And you? (just) 9. Jane was at the theatre last week? And Jim? (this week) 10. Mary is going to translate this arti­cle. And you? (already)
   

Exercise 6. Respond to these statements according to the model.
Mr Smith has already stayed there for a week. (Mr Brown)
Has Mr Brown stayed there for a week, too?

8. 
   Peter has just gone for a walk. (Tom) 2. John has returned from Moscow this week. (Bill) 3. Mary has done a lot of work today. (Jane) 4. My brother has bought the new French textbook today, (your friend) 5. I’ve already spoken to him. (she) 6. My mother has just gone to bed. (your mother) 7. She’s seen them today, (you) 8. My friend has read this book this month, (your friend)
   

Exercise 7. Open the brackets and use Present Perfect Tense. Put the adverbs into the proper places.

8. 
   He (to do) his homework, (already) 2. We (not to see) them lately. 3.1 (to call up) my friends (today). 4. 1 (to be) to New York, (never) 5. You (to fail) an exam? (ever) 6. You (not to write) them letters, (yet) 7. Peter (to go) to univer­sity. (just) 8. My brother (to buy) new magazines, (this week) 9. Peter (to have) lunch? (yet) 10. His sister (to see this film), (never) 11. He (to play) these com­puter games? (ever)