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III. RUTGERS PROGRAM COURSE WORK DETAILS
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- A. Development of Ideas in physical science (first year, fall semester) 1. Overview
III. RUTGERS PROGRAM COURSE WORK DETAILS
This section describes two methods courses in detail 共“Development of Ideas in Physical Science” and “Teaching Physical Science” 兲 and provides an overview of “Multiple Representations in Physical Science.” Although a great deal of course work is based on science education literature, the “meat” of the courses is PER-based. During the two years in the program, preservice teachers read and discuss seminal papers of the founders and developers of the PER field 共and their corresponding research groups 兲 such as A. Arons, L. McDermott, F. Reif, E. Redish, A. Van Heuvelen, R. Beich- ner, F. Goldberg, J, Minstrell, D. Hammer, D. Meltzer, and many others. In the Rutgers program these courses are taught in the Graduate School of Education, however all of them can be offered in a physics department, provided that a per- son in charge is an expert in physics, general pedagogy and PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE AND PREPARATION … PHYS. REV. ST PHYS. EDUC. RES. 6, 020110 共2010兲 020110-9 Teacher Education in Physics 111 physics PCK. An important feature of the course content is that the preservice teachers learn how to teach every concept of the high school curriculum at least twice in different courses, from different angles. They also see how those con- cepts logically build on each other and how to structure the curriculum so students can benefit from those connections. A. Development of Ideas in physical science (first year, fall semester) 1. Overview “Development of Ideas in Physical Science” is a three- credit course that meets once a week for 160 min, fifteen times during the semester. The goal of the course is to help students learn how physicists developed the ideas and laws that are a part of the high school physics curriculum. “Ideas” that students investigate correspond to the major building blocks of physics and chemistry, such as motion, force, en- ergy, molecular structure of matter, electric charge, electric current, magnetic field, light as a wave or a photon, and atomic and nuclear structure. One might question why knowing the history of physics is important for future teachers. There are several answers to this question. One is that knowing the history allows preser- vice teachers to develop their content knowledge—the knowledge of the inquiry processes through which the disci- pline develops knowledge. In addition, it might help future teachers develop their PCK. Often student learning re- sembles scientists’ grappling with ideas 关 47 , 48 兴. For ex- ample, it took thousands of years for scientists to accept the concept of a rotating Earth. A major obstacle was the concept of relative motion. High school students have a tremendous difficulty with this concept. How might our knowledge of the arguments made by Galileo help us convince our students that one is moving while sitting on a chair in class? Another example is the concept of heat as a flowing material sub- stance. How did scientists come up with this idea and why did they end up abandoning it? What lessons can we learn from their experiences that will help our students understand that heat is not something that resides in the body? These examples by no means suggest that all student learning mir- rors the history of science. However, knowledge of this his- tory can be an important tool that strengthens teachers’ con- tent knowledge and such aspects of PCK as knowledge of students’ ideas and knowledge of curriculum. In the course, students use the elements of the ISLE cycle 共observational experiments, patterns, explanations 关hypoth- eses, relations 兴, predictions, testing experiments 2 兲 as a lens through which they examine the historical process; they learn when this cycle actually worked and when it did not and why. They also examine the sequence in which the ideas were historically developed and determine which ideas were prerequisites for others. The textbooks used in the course are Refs. 关 49 , 50 兴; however students also read original scientific writings 共for example passages from “Two Sciences” by Ga- lileo; Newton’s “Principia;” Joule’s “Mechanical equivalent of heat;” Faraday’s “Experimental researches in electricity” 兲 and physics education research papers on student learning of Download 231.88 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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