Artificial intelligence and business education: What should be taught
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The International Journal of Management Education 20 (2022) 100720
2 A contributing factor is business schools’ inability to keep pace with rapidly evolving business needs. Changing curriculum is often a Herculean task. AACSB’s BizEd noted in 2009 that the fast pace of change in the business world has contributed to changes in management education such as to make one’s head spin ( Bunch, 2020 ). This pressure to change has led to some unintended conse- quences. Employer demands for curriculum that is specific to “job ready” skills may well be short-sighted, if not counter-productive. There is mounting evidence that these very employers have either unrealistic expectations, or even worse, baseless assumptions regarding job requirements ( Bunch, 2020 ; Cappelli, 2014 ; Koc, 2018 ). To meet the needs of the global business community, business education does need to continuously assess the strengths and weaknesses of their respective programs. Godfrey, Illes, and Berry (2005) posit that most current business curriculum addresses the key disciplines of business. That business schools create curriculum by creating courses around functional areas as opposed to integrating the knowledge of multiple disciplines. By extensions, Currie and Knights (2003) go on by stating that most programs are designed around what they identified as the teaching discipline approach, focus on delivering the curriculum on a discipline-by-discipline basis, rather than employing a more integrative approach to their disciplines ( Weber & Englehart, 2011 ). Technology and design centric schools appear to be at the forefront of innovation. Liberal arts programs are shaping the policy and political agendas. The question that needs to be asked is what roles should/are business schools playing. What is the relevance of an education that focuses on training students to become managers not innovators? In this essay, the authors do not portend to provide an answer, rather they seek to help focus and continue the discussion in this ever increasingly important aspect of education, the role and impact of artificial intelligence in management education. 1.2. What is meant by artificial intelligence? The term artificial intelligence was first used in 1955 by John McCarthy, a Dartmouth math professor. Ever since, the area has been inundated with more than its fair share of fantastic claims and promises. Today, providing what is meant by artificial intelligence (AI) in a singularly agreed upon definition is tantamount to the classic example of twelve blind men in a room trying to describe an elephant. To a large degree, it depends upon where one is standing. The final meaning of the terms is as much contextual as anything else. For purposes of simplicity, the authors will focus on artificial intelligence’s role in the domain of business education. Kaplan and Haenlein (2019) define AI as systems to interpret external data and to learn and use those learnings to achieve a specific goal or task via adaption. As a result, we now can create systems capable of learning how to perform tasks on their own. These systems can achieve near superhuman performance in a wide range of activities. One merely needs to examine the areas of fraud detection or disease diagnosis to name a few. The deployment of AI has come to the forefront with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. At the time of this writing, AI’s principal use has been to track and predict how COVID-19 will spread ( Naud´e, 2020b ). The second largest application has been in the development of data dashboards for the visualization of both the actual and expected spread of the disease ( Naud´e, 2020a ). In the business arena, AI is already preforming a transformative impact on the scale of earlier general-purpose computing tech- nologies. The impact of this transformation will only continue to grow in the coming decades, as manufacturing, transportation, retailing, finance, health care, insurance, education, and for that matter virtually every industry transforms core processes and their resulting business models to leverage the advantages inherent in AI ( Brynjolfsson & Mcafee, 2017 ). It needs to be clarified that AI is different from and extends beyond what is commonly known as expert systems. Expert systems are a collection of rules programmed by humans as a series of if-then statements. Unlike AI they lack the ability to use external data to learn ( Kaplan & Haenlein, 2019 ). This leads us to the crux of the issue. The lack of common understanding as to what AI is and where and how it is utilized begets the apparent bottleneck in management implementation, and business integration. By extension, the role a business education has in meeting and fostering this transformation. This leads us back to the initial question, what aspects of AI need to be taught and where should it be taught as part of a business education. To begin to understand this one must look at what types of jobs and careers AI have and will create. Download 402.32 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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