Artificial intelligence and business education: What should be taught
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M. Sollosy and M. McInerney
The International Journal of Management Education 20 (2022) 100720 5 managers with the requisite know how to analyze the data and make effective decisions ( Chiang, Goes, & Stohr, 2012 ). These factors serve to emphasize the critical need for the development of the trainer, explainer, and sustainer skills. Increasingly, there is an acute shortage of professionals with the depth of knowledge required to manage three big aspects of this emerging environment; the volume of data, the speed or velocity by which the data changes and is amassed, and the sheer variety of the data ( Russom, 2011 ). Of even greater relevance to business schools and their curriculum, is the increasing demand for individuals with the depth of knowledge needed to manage the three perspectives of business-decision making; descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics ( Chiang et al., 2012 ; Russom, 2011 ). An important, but often overlooked aspect of the entire AI environment is the unintended consequences of data hubris. The first phenomenon was described during the early age of data processing. The common acronym is GIGO, which stood for “garbage in, garbage out”. However, hubris takes the form of “garbage in, gospel out”. It is because of this effect, that human intelligence is far more important than AI. The second phenomenon has to do with forecasting error. This issue is not unique to the world of AI. Rather, it is common to most all forms of forecasting and projections. The problem manifests itself by presuming that the historical conditions from which the data is derived will continue unaltered into the future, thus validating the forecast trends. Unfortunately, this presumption is increasingly invalid in today’s dynamic and rapidly changing environments. AI is interdisciplinary requiring the integration of data management, database systems, data warehousing, natural language processing, network analysis, social networking, optimization, and statistical analysis. Arguably, some of these functional skills belong in the domain of a business curriculum. The real opportunity for business schools and a business education is in preparing students to be people who understand business needs. Who can interpret the analysis performed on big data by AI and to ultimately provide leadership for the data-informed decision maker in their organizations ( Chiang et al., 2012 ). For these professionals to provide meaningful insight and support to decision makers requires the ability to understand business issues. This understanding is intrinsic to framing appropriate analytical solutions. Listening and understanding to what the business needs coupled with being aware of the intent of the business is fundamental. To achieve this, the professional needs business domain knowledge, including the areas of accounting, finance, marketing, logistics, and operations management ( Chiang et al., 2012 ). They will also need significant business knowledge to communicate and work in a cooperative and supportive manner with business team members. This requirement can only be achieved with these professionals working as an integrated member of the team, not in isolation. By extension, an organizational culture emphasizing informed decision making must be achieved ( Chiang et al., 2012 ; Davenport, 2006 ). To successfully achieve such a culture requires further emphasis on communication skills. To this end, the AI analysist must be capable of explaining their findings in terms that are comprehensible to their business associates. They need the ability to tell the right story and perpetuate the lessons learned such that the rest of the business organization can understand ( Chiang et al., 2012 ). AI is a transformative technology and as such, provide numerous opportunities and challenges for several disciplines and de- partments, not only within a school of business but the university as a whole. When taken in the context of a business education and a business school, AI is about the understanding and interpretation, strategizing, and ultimately actions necessary to further the or- ganization’s interests and intents. The practitioners in these arenas use the data and algorithms developed and provided by the technologists in a hands-on manner to gain insights for use by management. Given this perspective, it becomes obvious the training and development of these skills resides within a business school. The less obvious answer has to do with which department and which skills ( Chiang et al., 2012 ). The answer to the last question may well lie in how industry deploys and utilizes these skills. For the most part, AI is often decentralized and distributed throughout the organization. Often it resides in the more interdisciplinary based departments such as finance, marketing, research and development (R&D), or logistics ( Chiang et al., 2012 ; Morabito, Stohr, & Genc, 2011 ). By extension, the case can be made that these skills should be a component of each functional area taught in a business school. There is the beginning of an increasing trend in business schools to move away from a steadfast focus on traditional business functions such as marketing, finance, and production, the “silo” approach. Rather, business schools are beginning to examine an in- tegrated approach to solving business problems, which usually requires the interactive and simultaneous participation of several functions. This integrated approach results in the study of business processes, an approach which may arguably be the best way for an organization to differentiate itself from its competition. Those organizations deemed the best in class in terms of this approach use AI to accomplish it. In addition to a more integrated approach to solving business problems, business schools need to place increased emphasis on the development of critical thinking skill. Smith (2003) contends that many business school students have a limited ability to understand complex writing and ideas, draw logical conclusions, identify complex problems, or present convincing arguments ( Bunch, 2020 ). Download 402.32 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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