Assessment of the
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Assessment of Regional Agri Logistics Centers in Uzbekistan FINAL
3.1 PRODUCERS/FARMERS
Due to the seasonal nature and availability of products in the three regions, the assessment focused primarily on agricultural and post-harvest practices for grape products. The rate of deterioration of grapes increase with time, high temperature and low humidity, which cause water loss from the grapes and stems. Deterioration could therefore be limited by maintaining temperature control through an integrated cold chain using proper packaging such as expanded polystyrene packaging (EPS). EPS boxes are recommended by major producers and exporter countries, which have many benefits including light weight, less interior packaging to allow airflow, good insulation, and the ability to maintain strength in high-humidity cold storage. As observed in the Tashkent region, grapes are picked and transferred to sheds, usually early in the morning until noon, followed by sorting, grading and packaging in the afternoon into wooden boxes or crates. All activities are conducted on-farm with transportation typically occurring in the evening between 6 and 9 PM by open trucks on rough roads. This contributes to possible contamination and damages the product further. Per this traditional practice, pre-cooling is not utilized. In the Fergana and Andijan regions, grapes are transferred to cold storages 3 to 5 hours after harvesting and collection. Cooling in the regions is conducted in cold storage rooms arranged in pyramid shape, which require 12- 24 hours to reach the required cooling temperature. There is in general lack of pre-cooling facilities and proper pre-cooling practices. Records and documentations should be kept including the history of land selection to final harvesting, hand picking, handling, farm packaging, storage, and transportation. However, based on the interviews, 15 | ASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL AGRI-LOGISTICS CENTERS IN UZBEKISTAN USAID.GOV there is no such practice that could serve as evidence for traceability, to prove that required quality and food safety standards were maintained. Records are mainly utilized for financial purposes. A few farms reported they use mobile toilets with hand washing facilities and canteens during the harvesting period. In general, personnel standards and personal hygiene issues are not properly addressed resulting in a lack or completed absence of farm toilets, sheds, hand washing facilities, canteens, dressing areas, etc. Farm hygiene and sanitations is not properly implemented, presence of animals (dogs) and grazing inside orchards and vineyards are common, farms are not properly protected from dust/dirt, there are no wind breaks; Chemicals, fertilizers, and inputs are purchased from reputable suppliers in most cases, but the use of informal markets or unknown suppliers was also reported. Documentation and records on pest scouting, use of pesticides, preharvest intervals, and calibration of spraying equipment are not properly practiced. Generally, there is lack of knowledge and awareness in the management of farms, as well as a lack of cooperatives and commercial farms to undertake and implement proper management and implement good agricultural and hygienic practices as indicated in the guidelines of UN-FAO, the Codex General Principle of Food hygiene and GOBALG.A.P. requirements. These are considered as the minimum requirements by the developed markets, such as EU, North America and Asian countries with relatively strict food safety and quality market requirements. The practices observed are primarily traditional agricultural practices with exports focused on traditional markets (the previous Soviet Union countries) with lower food safety requirements and cheaper prices. Please visit the annexes for additional information. For the ALCs to effectively boost and enhance the export of high-value fruit and vegetables and located markets in higher value destinations, a major shift from traditional agricultural practices must occur. Good agricultural practices, including hygiene and farm management supported by cooperatives, contracts and commercial farms should be supported and coordinated closely to match the planned capacity of ALCs. There are some nascent cooperatives, forming based on support given by development partners working to implement good agricultural practices and GLOBALG.A.P. However, to date only two or three farms are GLOBALG.A.P. certified. Such efforts should be strengthened and extensively implemented in line with the ambitious plan and investment into the ALCs. Download 1.01 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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