Avvalo birinchi grammatik qoidalarni undan so’ng qiladigan xatolarni ko’rib chiqing bu sizni kelasida qilinadigan har qanday xatolardan saqlab qoladi. Uni tugatib test yechish sirlarini yaxshilab o’rganib chiqing

Tasavur qiling agar bu Active voice bo’lganda qanday bo’lardi

• 
  I made mistakes – Men xatolar qildim(Bu javob ancha javobgarlikni yuklaydi odamga)
  

• 
  Ko’ngilsiz vaziyatda aybdorni aytishni xoxlamasak
  

 A lot of mistakes have been made. instead of “You have made a lot of mistakes”–( Ko’p xatolar qilindi biz buyerda Siz ko’p xatolar qildingiz deyishni o’rniga Passive Voice foydalanyabmiz.)

6 ta qadam bilan Active voice ni Passive voice aylantirish

Active voice gap:

Children ate the cake

1-qadam

Ega-Children, fe’l – ate, to’ldiruvchi - the cake

Siz aktiv gapning

egasini

fe’lini

va

to’ldiruvchisni

aniqlab olishiz kerak.

2-qadam

Yangi gapning egasi- the cake

Siz to’ldiruvchini yangi gapning egasi qilishiz kerak.

3-qadam

“Children ate the cake- ate fe’lning o’tgan zamon shakli. Gap albatta o’tgan zamonda

Aktiv gapning aniqlashingiz

zamon

i

kerak

4- qadam

The cake was

Siz yangi gapning egasidan keyin, aktiv gapning zamoniga mos to be qo’yishingiz kerak. Buyerda aktiv gap o’tgan zamonda va siz to be ning o’tgan zamon shaklini qo’yishingiz kerak

5-qadam

The cake was eaten

To be dan kegin aktiv gapning asosiy fe’lini P.P shaklini ishlatishiz kerak. Aktiv gapda asosiy fe’l ate edi bu felning P.P shakli eaten bo’ladi

6-qadam

The cake was eaten by children

Aktiv gapning egasini orqali qo’yamiz

by

predlogi

Doer

Agar ish-harakatning bajaruvchisini ifodalash kerak bo’lsa, ega kesimdan keyinga by (tomonidan) predlogi bilan o’tkaziladi.
With predlogi esa bajaruvchi ishni biror asbob yoki qurol vositasida amalga oshirganini ifodalashda qo’llanadi.

• 
  'Hamlet' was written by Shakespeare.
  

'Gamlet' Shekispr tomonidan yozilgan edi.

• 
  The letter was written with a pencil.
  

Xat qalamda yozilgan edi.
The escaped prisoner was killed by the policeman with a rifle.
Qochoq mahbus politsiyachi tomonidan miltiq bilan otib o’ldirilgan edi.

VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS

Bazi fe’llar ikkita to’ldiruvchi bilan bog’lanib kelishi mumkin. To’ldiruvchi odatda shaxs bilan (indirect object) va narsa bilan ( direct object) ifodalanadi Indirect object(odam) odatda direct object (narsa)dan oldinda keladi. Lekin direct object(narsa) indirect(odam)dan oldin kelish mumkin bunda to predlogidan foydalaniladi. Ba’zi fe’llar for olishi mumkin
 Give me the book or give the book to me – Menga kitobni bering
Ikkita to’ldiruvchili fe’llarni majhul nisbatga ikki xil aylantirish mumkin: My grandfather gave me this watch

1. 
   I was given this watch (by my grandfather). Men ga soat bobom tomonidan berilgan edi.
   
2. 
   The watch was given to me (by my grandfather). Soat men ga bobom tomonidan berilgan edi.
   

Biz ikkila shaklni ham farqsiz ishlatamiz ammo ko’pincha inglizlar gapni shaxs bilan boshlashni afzal ko’radi. Sababi ular qisqalikni sevishadi va Narsa bilan boshlangan gap sal cho’zilib ketadi.

• 
  I was offered the job, but I was refused it. – Menga ish taklif qilindi, lekin men rad etdim
  
• 
  You will be given plenty of time to decide – Sizga qaror qabul qilish uchun ko’p vaqt beriladi
  

Quyida o’ziga ikkita to’ldiruvchi biriktira oladigan fe’llardan ayrimlari berilgan:
allow, award, ask, bring, fed, grant, hand, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, promise, sell, send, show, teach, tell, throw.

	GET
Majhul nisbatda “ to be “ fe’li o’rnida ‘ get ‘ fe’li ishlatilishi mumkin. Their car got stolen (or was stolen) in front of their house last night O’tgan tun ularning uylarining oldidan mashinasi o’g’irlandi. The living room window got broken. Yoki The living room window was broken. Yashash xonaning derazasi sindirilgan These houses weren't built in 1899. These houses didn’t get built in 1899. Bu uylar 1899 yilda qurilmagan Lekin ‘ get ‘ fe’li majhul nisbatdagi his-tuyg’uni, aqliy faoliyatni ifodalaydigan fe’llar bilan ishlatilmaydi. Ya’ni holat fe’llari bilan to be o’rniga get alishtira olmaysiz. This criminal is known to police in five different countries – Ushbu jinoyatchi politsiyaga besh xil mamlakatda tanilgan ( not This criminal get known) bu xato hisoblanadi sababi know holat fe’li