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1. Грандберг И .И . О рганическая химия.- М осква.- “Д р о ф а” .- 2002 С. 569 - 588. 2. Pirm uxam edov 1. Organik ximiya.- T oshkent.- “ M ed itsin a” .- 1987.- 333-338- betlar. 3. Kim sanboyev X.X. va boshqalar. O'sim liklarni kimyoviy him oya qilish / prof. X.X. K im sanboyev tahririri o stida.-T o shkent.-’’O 'q itu v ch i” .- 1997.- 280 b. 4. Вивю рскмй В.Я. В опросы, упраж нения и задачи по органической химии с ответам и и р еш ен и я м и ,- М.: “ В ладос” ,- 1999.- С. 80-81. FO YD ALAN I LG AN ADABIYOTLAR 1. Грандберг И .И . О рганическая хи м и я.- М осква.- “Д р о ф а ” .- 2002 .- 672 с. 2. Э п п л и к в и с т Д ., Д е П ю и Ч ., Р а й н х а р т К. JI. В в е д е н и е в орган и ческую хи м и ю ,- М: “ М и р”,- 1985.- 384 с. 3. У льян о ва Г.М. О рганическая химия. М етодическое п о со б и е .- С ан кт-П етер б у р г.- “ П ари тет” ,- 2003.- 192 с. 4. Х имия. С правочник ш кольника,- М осква,- И зд-во “А П К ” ,- 1995.- 480 с. 5. О в ч и н н и к о в Ю .А . Б и о о р г а н и ч е с к а я х и м и я .- М о с к в а . - “ П р о с в е щ ен и е” ,- 1987.-815 с. 6. В ивю рский В.Я. Вопросы, упраж нения и задачи по органической химии с ответам и и реш ен и ям и .- М.: “ В ладос” 1999.- 688 с 7. М ор и ссон Р., Бойд Д. О рган и ческая хи м и я,- М о ск ва,- “ М и р ” ,- 1974,- 1132 с. 8. Л ади нгтон Э., Д ейль Г., Гамлеш ко И . Ключи к зд оровью ,- Тула,- И зд -в о “ И сто ч н и к ж и зн и ” ,- 2003,- 192 с. 9. Iskandarov S .I., Abdusam atov A.A., Shoym ardonov R.A. Organik k im y o .- T o s h k e n t.- 0 ‘qituvchi.- 1979.- 616 b. 10. Pirm uxam edov 1. Organik ximiya.- Toshkent.- “ M ed itsina” .- 1987.- 398 6. 11. Kimsanboyev X.X. va boshqalar. O'sim liklarni kimyoviy him oya oilish /p ro f. X.X. Kimsanboyevtahririri ostida.- Toshkent.- “0 ‘qituvchi”.- 1997.- 280 b. 12. S hoym ardonov R.A. Organik kim yodan savol, m asala va m ashqlar.- T o sh k en t.- “ 0 ‘qituvchi”.- 1996.- 1996,- 28 - 51- betlar. 13. Shoym ardonov R.A., Umarov B.B. Organik kimyo, I qism . - Buxoro.- B uxD U “ Ziyo R izo g raf’nashriyoti.- 2005,- 442 b. 14. To'raqulov Yo. X. Bioximiya.- Toshkent.- “O'zbekiston” .- 1996,- 480 b. 15. Е рш ов Б.А. С пектроскопи я в орган и ческой х и м и и .- С ан кт- П етерб ург,- И зд -в о С П (б)Г У ,- 1995.- 263 с. 16. М и р о н о в В.А., Я нковски й С.А. С п ектроско п и я в о рган и ческой хи м ии .- М оск ва.- “Х и м и я” .- 1985 232 с. 17. Бейнон Дж. М асс-спектрометрия и ее применение в органической х и м и и ,- М оск ва.- “ М и р ”.- 1964,- С. 241-353. M U N D A R I J A S O ‘Z B O S H I ..............................................................................................................3 K I R I S H ........................................................................................................................ 4 O rganik birikm alam ing tuzilish n a z a riy a si................................................... 6 O rganik m oddalarning xom ashyo m a n b a la ri.............................................. 9 O rg an ik m o d d alarn i ajratish, tozalash, va tu zilish in i o'rg an ish u s u lla ri............................................................................................... 10 Organik m oddalarning fizik-kimyoviy tadqiqot u s u lla ri.......................... 14 UB spektroskopiya.............................................................................................19 IQ spektroskopiya.............................................................................................. 22 YAMR spektroskopiya.....................................................................................26 Mass — spektrom etriya........................................................................................ 33 IZ O M E R I Y A .......................................................................................................... 40 Organik m oddalarning sin fla n ish i................................................................. 45 O rganik m oddalardagi kimyoviy b o g 'la r ..................................................... 48 Kimyoviy bog'ning elektron n a z ariy asi....................................................... 54 Organik reaksiyalarining tu r la r i..................................................................... 62 N azorat savollari................................................................................................. 72 ATSIKLIK BIRIKM ALAR V ALKANLAR................................................................................................................74 N o m enklaturasi...................................................................................................75 A lkanlarning olinishi......................................................................................... 77 Fizikaviy xossalari...............................................................................................80 Kimyoviy xossalari............................................................................................. 81 Ayrim v a k illa ri.................................................................................................... 85 N azorat savollari................................................................................................. 87 ALKENLAR................................................................................................................88 Alkenlarning o lin ish i.......................................................................................... 90 Fizikaviy x o s s a la ri............................................................................................. 93 Kimyoviy xossalari.............................................................................................93 N azorat sav o llari...............................................................................................102 \ ALKADIENLAR......................................................................................................103 Olinish u s u lla ri.................................................................................................103 Fizikaviy xossalari............................................................................................ 105 Kimyoviy x o ssa la ri.......................................................................................... 105 N azorat savollari................................................................................................110 ALKINLAR . * 5 ....................................................................................................... 112 Olinish usullari.................................................................................................. 113 Fizikaviy x o ssalari........................................................................................... 115 Kimyoviy xossalari............................................................................................116 N azorat savollari...............................................................................................121 SIKLOPARAFINLAR............................................................................................ 122 Olinish usullari..................................................................................................124 Fizikaviy xossalari.............................................................................................126 Kimyoviy xossalari........................................................................................... 126 TERPENLAR........................................................................................................... 130 ARENLAR....................................................................................................... ....... 134 O linish u su lla ri.................................................................................................137 F izikaviy x o s s a la r i......................................................................................... 139 K im yoviy x o s s a la r i........................................................................................ 140 K o 'p h a lq a li a ro m a tik b ir ik m a la r ............................................................145 N a fta lin va u n in g tu z ilis h i.......................................................................... 146 A n tra tse n g u ru h i..............................................................................................148 N a zo rat savollari.............................................................................................. 150 G A L O G E N L I H O S IL A L A R .......................................................................... 152 M o nogalogenalkanlar..................................................................................... 152 O linish u su llari.................................................................................................153 F izikaviy x o ssalari.......................................................................................... 156 K im yoviy x o ssalari......................................................................................... 157 Di —, tri— va poligalogenalkanlar................................................................. 163 T o 'y in m a g a n galogenli h o silalar................................................................164 A ro m a tik u g levodorodlarning galogenli h o silalari............................... 167 F izik av iy , kim yoviy x o s s a la r i.....................................................................169 N a z o ra t savollari.............................................................................................. 171 K ISLO R O D TUTGAN ORGANIK BIRIKM ALAR.........................................174 Bir a to m li to 'y in g a n s p i r t l a r ..................................................................... 174 O lin ish u s u lla r i...............................................................................................175 F izikaviy x o ssalari.......................................................................................... 177 K im yoviy x o ssalari......................................................................................... 178 T o 'y in m a g a n sp irtla r..................................................................................... 182 Ikki a to m li sp irtla r......................................................................................... 184 U c h a to m li sp irtla r.........................................................................................186 F e n o lla r, o lin ish u su llari..............................................................................188 F izikaviy x o s s a la r i..........................................................................................189 K im y o v iy x o ssa la ri.......................................................................................... 189 Ikki v a u c h a to m li fe n o lla r...........................................................................191 A ro m a tik s p irtla r..............................................................................................193 O d d iy e f ir la r .......................................................................................................194 N a z o ra t savollari................................................................................................198 O K S O B IR IK M A L A R (A L D E G ID VA K E T O N L A R ).................................201 A lifatik a ld e g id v a k e to n la r .......................................................................... 201 O lin ish u s u lla ri................................................................................................. 202 Fizikaviy xossalari.............................................................................................. 205 K im yoviy xossalari ........................................................................................ 206 M u h im v a k illa ri................................................................................................213 T o 'y in m a g a n ald eg id va k e to n la r...............................................................214 K e te n la r................................................................................................................ 215 A ro m a tik aldegid va k e to n la r...................................................................... 216 D ik a r b o n il b irik m a la r.................................................................................... 219 N a z o ra t s a v o lla ri.............................................................................................. 222 K A R B O N K IS L O T A L A R ..................................................................................... 222 O lin ish u s u lla ri............................ ..................................................................... 225 Fizikaviy xossalari.............................................................................................. 228 K im yoviy xossalari............................................................................................. 228 T o ‘y inm agan bir asosli k arbon kislotalar....................................................234 A rom atik karbon kislotalar.............................................................................. 237 M uhim vakillari.................................................................................................. 241 N azorat savollari.................................................................................................. 242 K A RBO N K IS L O T A H O S IL A L A R I................................................................244 M urakkab efirlar................................................................................................. 244 Galogenangidridlar................................................................................................245 K islota an g id rid lari............................................................................................ 247 K islota am idlari. M ochevina........................................................................... 250 LIPIDLAR....................................................................................................................252 Y o g 'lar va m o y lar............................................................................................... 255 Sovun va sintetik yuvuvchi vositalar............................................................. 256 M um lar....................................................................................................................259 M urakkab lip id la r.............................................................................................. 260 N azorat savollari.................................................................................................. 262 G ID R O K S I - VA O K S O K IS L O T A L A R ...................................................... 264 Alifatik oksikjslotalar.........................................................................................264 Olinish usullari..................................................................................................265 Fizikaviy, kim yoviy xossalari...................................................................... 267 O ksikislotalarning optik faolligi.................................................................... 269 M uhim vakillari................................................................................................. 272 ALDEGIDO- VA KETOKISLOTALAR........................................................... 273 Atsetosirka efiri................................................................................................. 275 Atsetosirka efiri asosida sintezlar.................................................................. 276 N azorat savollari................................................................................................ 278 AZOT TUTGAN ORGANIK BIRIKMALAR....................................................280 Alifatik nitrobirikm alar................................................................................... 280 Fizikaviy, kimyoviy x o ssa la ri...................................................................... 281 A rom atik nitrobirikm alar............................................................................... 283 Fizikaviy, kimyoviy xossalari...................................................................... 284 Alifatik a m in la r ................................................................................................286 Olinish usullari..................................................................................................286 Fizikaviy xossalari............................................................................................ 288 Kimyoviy x o ssa la ri.......................................................................................... 289 Aminospirtlar....................................................................................................... 291 A rom atik am in lar............................................................................................. 292 Olinish usullari..................................................................................................293 Fizikaviy, kimyoviy xossalari...................................................................... 294 Aromatik diazo — va azobirikmalar.............................................................. 297 Fizikaviy, kim yoviy xossalari...................................................................... 297 A z o b o 'y o q la r.................................................................................................... 299 Nazorat savollari................................................................................................301 A M IN O K ISLO TA VA O Q SILLA R...................................................................302 Ami nokislotalar................................................................................................... 302 Olinish usullari..................................................................................................305 Fizikaviy, kim yoviy xossalari....................................................................... 306 Peptid vapoli p ep tid lar.................................................................................... 314 Oqsillar................................................................................................................. 315 Tabiiy va su n ’iy oziq m ahsulotlari................................................................319 N azorat savollari................................................................................................ 321 UGLEVODLAR.......................................................................................................322 Uglevodlarning sinflanishi................................................................................323 M onosaxaridlar................................................................................................. 323 Izom eriya va konfiguratsiyasi....................................................................... 324 Olinish u su llari..................................................................................................328 Fizikaviy, kim yoviy xossalari......................................................................329 M o nozalarning m uhim vakillari.................................................................. 334 Oligo— va disaxaridlar................................................................................... 337 P olisaxaridlar.....................................................................................................341 Nazorat savollari................................................................................................ 346 GETEROHALQALI BIRIKMALAR.................................................................. 348 Besh a ’zoli geterohalqali birikm alar............................................................348 Ikki geteroatom tutgan besh a ’zoli geterohalqalar................................... 353 Olti a ’zoli geterohalqali birikm alar..............................................................355 Kim yoviy xossalari.......................................................................................... 356 Pirim idin va purin hosilalari..........................................................................360 N uklein kislotalar.............................................................................................362 N azorat savollari................................................................................................ 369 ORGANIK BIOFAOL VA 0 ‘STIRUVCHI MODDALAR.............................. 370 Alkaloidlar............................................................................................................ 370 A ntibiotiklar....................................................................................................... 372 Vitaminlar.............................................................................................................374 F erm en tlar..........................................................................................................376 G orm onlar........................................................................................................... 377 P estitsidlar.......................................................................................................... 379 Zararkunandalarga qarshi biologik usulda kurashish................................... 388 0 ‘sim liklarning o'sishini Download 24 Kb. 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