Block 7 Subject: Embryology Q’s with answers Case #1
Case #19 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #19
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Embryo Lesson 7 Cases
Case #19
Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #19 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is C Infantile pyloric stenosis presents around one month of age with projectile non-bilious vomiting and sometimes failure to thrive. Non-bilious vomiting distinguishes pyloric stenosis from duodenal atresia. Infants with pyloric stenosis will be ravenously hungry. The hypertrophied pylorus (often described as "olive shaped") may be palpated in the epigastric region or right upper quadrant. It is more common in firstborn males and associated with hypochloremic (or chloride-responsive) metabolic alkalosis with concomitant hypokalemia due to persistent projectile vomiting after feeds. This vomiting further worsens the metabolic alkalosis and the secondary hyperaldosteronism worsens the hypokalemia. Treatment is withsurgical myotomy of the hypertrophied pylorus. Bile enters the gut at the ampulla of Vater, the junction between the pancreas and the duodenum. Since the child is having non-bilious vomiting, duodenal contents are not likely present in the vomitus, implying an obstruction between the duodenum and stomach. The pylorus is the region of the stomach that serves as the junction between the stomach and the duodenum. It serves as a sphincter that limits the movement of gastric contents into the duodenum. Pyloric stenosis results in thickening of the gastric smooth muscle at the pylorus. This prevents food from passing out of the stomach and into the duodenum. Medcloud™ Case #20 Subject: Embryology A premature newborn is examined shortly after birth because of bilious vomiting. The vomiting continues the next day. Imaging examination shows a 'double bubble' sign on ultrasound scan and a scaphoid shaped abdomen. The baby's mother has uncontrolled diabetes. Which of the following conditions is related to this newborn's clinical presentation? A. Esophageal stenosis B. Gastroschisis C. Oligohydramnios D. Polyhydramnios E. Volvulus Medcloud™ |
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