Block 7 Subject: Embryology Q’s with answers Case #1
Case #2 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is D – 87%
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Embryo Lesson 7 Cases
Case #2
Subject: Embryology The correct answer is D – 87% Postprandial nonbilious vomiting in conjunction with a palpable epigastric mass (often described as olive-shaped) in a male infant is highly suggestive of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). IHPS predominantly affects firstborn, male infants, and classically manifests within the first 3–6 weeks of life. Other symptoms include visible gastric peristalsis, early satiety, weight loss, and/or hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Abdominal ultrasound typically shows an elongated and thickened pylorus, which confirms the diagnosis. Medcloud™ Case #2 Subject: Embryology A. High serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentration - 1% A high serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentration is seen in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21- hydroxylase deficiency. Patients with CAH may develop adrenal crisis and develop recurrent vomiting. However, additional symptoms of CAH include hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and, possibly, ambiguous genitalia, none of which are seen here. This patient's presentation with nonbilious vomiting and an epigastric mass 5 weeks after birth suggests a different diagnosis. B. Dilated colon segment on abdominal x-ray - 1% A dilated colon segment on abdominal x-ray is seen in patients with Hirschsprung disease, which often initially manifests with failure to pass meconium within 48 hours of birth and/or symptoms of gastrointestinal obstruction (e.g., bilious vomiting and abdominal distention). This patient's presentation with nonbilious vomiting and an epigastric mass 5 weeks after birth suggests a different diagnosis. C. Double bubble sign on abdominal x-ray - 9% A double bubble sign on abdominal x-ray is seen in patients with duodenal atresia or annular pancreas. Although both conditions can manifest with recurrent vomiting (usually bilious in duodenal atresia and nonbilious in annular pancreas), other signs of duodenal obstruction, including a distended upper abdomen and delayed meconium passage would also be expected. Moreover, both duodenal atresia and annular pancreas classically manifest within the first days of life. This patient's presentation of epigastric mass 5 weeks after birth suggests a different diagnosis. E. Corkscrew sign on upper gastrointestinal contrast series - 2% A corkscrew sign on an upper gastrointestinal contrast series is seen in patients with volvulus due to twisting of the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum around the mesentery. Volvulus usually manifests during the first two months of life with bilious vomiting and feeding intolerance. This patient's presentation with nonbilious vomiting and an epigastric mass 5 weeks after birth suggests a different diagnosis. Medcloud™ Case #3 Subject: Embryology A 2-week-old infant is brought to the emergency room because of 4 episodes of bilious vomiting and inconsolable crying for the past 3 hours. Abdominal examination shows no abnormalities. An upper GI contrast series shows the duodenojejunal junction to the right of the vertebral midline; an air-filled cecum is noted in the right upper quadrant. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's condition? A. Defective neural crest migration B. Failure of duodenal recanalization C. Nonrotation of the intestines D. Incomplete intestinal rotation E. Arrested rotation of ventral pancreatic bud F. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the pyloric sphincter G. Resorption of a small bowel segment Medcloud™ |
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