Block 7 Subject: Embryology Q’s with answers Case #1
Case #7 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is A – 33%
Download 241.12 Kb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Embryo Lesson 7 Cases
Case #7
Subject: Embryology The correct answer is A – 33% During embryologic development of the pancreas, the endoderm forms two buds: a ventral and a dorsal one. In the process of foregut rotation, the ventral pancreatic bud normally fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud. A defect in this process can lead to the fusion of abnormally rotated buds, resulting in a ring of pancreatic tissue surrounding the duodenum (annular pancreas) and duodenal stenosis. In the antenatal period, this manifests as polyhydramnios and in the neonatal period, it manifests as feeding intolerance, vomiting (typically non-bilious, but can be bilious depending on whether the obstruction is proximal or distal to the major duodenal papilla), and abdominal distension. Annular pancreas is associated with Down syndrome. Medcloud™ Case #7 Subject: Embryology B. Foregut septation - 9% A defect in the lateral septation of the foregut into the esophagus and trachea is the mechanism behind esophageal atresia. Esophageal atresia can lead to polyhydramnios due to the fetus's inability to swallow and would also present with feeding difficulties and nonbilious vomiting after birth. However, other symptoms such as excessive drooling, choking, and respiratory distress would also be expected. Furthermore, x-ray would show an airless abdomen, not a double bubble sign. C. Ganglion cell migration - 10% Failure of migration of neural crest cells (precursors of enteric ganglion cells) to the distal colon during embryonic development causes Hirschsprung disease. Hirschsprung disease is also associated with Down syndrome and classically presents with abdominal distention and vomiting. However, bilious vomiting would be expected rather than nonbilious vomiting, as would failure to pass meconium within the first 48 hours after birth. A double bubble sign would not be present on x-ray. D. Duodenal recanalization - 46% Incomplete duodenal recanalization during weeks eight to ten of embryonic development leads to duodenal atresia. Duodenal atresia is associated with Down syndrome and would also present with feeding difficulties, distension of the abdomen, and the double bubble sign on x-ray. However, bilious vomiting would be expected, rather than the nonbilious vomiting seen here. Furthermore, delayed meconium passage would also be seen, which is not the case in this patient. E. Umbilical ring closure - 2% Incomplete umbilical ring closure after physiologic herniation of the intestines leads to an umbilical hernia, which is also associated with Down syndrome. Whereas small defects are often asymptomatic and close spontaneously, larger hernias that contain bowel can lead to feeding difficulties. However, bilious vomiting rather than nonbilious vomiting would be expected. Additionally, physical examination would show an abdominal wall defect, particularly when there is increased intraabdominal pressure from crying. A double bubble sign in x-ray would not be expected in umbilical hernia. Medcloud™ Case #8 Subject: Embryology A 34-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 2-hour history of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting that began an hour after she finished lunch. Examination shows abdominal guarding and rigidity; bowel sounds are reduced. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography shows the dorsal pancreatic duct draining into the minor papilla and a separate smaller duct draining into the major papilla. The spleen is located anterior to the left kidney. A disruption of which of the following embryological processes is the most likely cause of this patient's imaging findings? A. Fusion of the pancreatic buds B. Fusion of visceral and parietal peritoneum C. Rotation of the midgut D. Proliferation of mesenchyme in the dorsal mesentery E. Differentiation of the proximal hepatic diverticulum F. Rotation of the ventral splenic bud Medcloud™ |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling