Block 7 Subject: Embryology Q’s with answers Case #1
Case #5 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #5
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Embryo Lesson 7 Cases
Case #5
Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #5 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is F – 78% Pancreas divisum is a congenital malformation that is caused by a failure of fusion of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts, which normally join at 8 weeks of gestation. Pancreas divisum is present in about 10% of the population and is usually asymptomatic, but a minority of cases can develop chronic abdominal pain or recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis, as seen here. Pancreas divisum can be diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography or MRCP, which would show a ventral pancreatic duct that drains along with the common bile duct into the major duodenal papilla and a dorsal pancreatic duct that drains separately into the duodenum via the minor duodenal papilla. Medcloud™ Case #5 Subject: Embryology A. Duodenal atresia - 2% Duodenal atresia manifests within the first 1–2 days of life with delayed meconium passage, vomiting, epigastric distention, and a scaphoid lower abdomen. Recurrent epigastric pain in a 6-year-old patient is not consistent with this diagnosis. B. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis - 3% Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis typically manifests with postprandial, nonbilious projectile vomiting, visible epigastric peristaltic waves, and a palpable olive-shaped structure in the epigastrium within the first few weeks of life. Recurrent epigastric pain in a 6-year-old patient is not consistent with this diagnosis. C. Biliary cyst - 9% A biliary cyst can cause recurrent acute pancreatitis during childhood as a result of pancreatic duct obstruction and pancreaticobiliary reflux. However, patients with pancreatitis due to a biliary cyst would also have obstructive jaundice and a palpable right hypochondrial mass, which are not present here. A different diagnosis is more likely in this patient. D. Tracheoesophageal fistula - 2% A tracheoesophageal fistula typically manifests immediately after birth (following the first feeding) with features of aspiration (e.g., choking, coughing, cyanosis). Recurrent epigastric pain in a 6-year-old boy is not consistent with this diagnosis. E. Intestinal malrotation - 6% Intestinal malrotation can manifest in young children with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain as a result of chronic midgut volvulus or chronic duodenal obstruction. However, patients with chronic midgut volvulus would have clinical features of malabsorption syndrome (e.g., diarrhea, failure to thrive) and patients with chronic duodenal obstruction would have episodes of bilious vomiting; the absence of these features and the presence of epigastric pain with radiation to the back suggest a different diagnosis. Medcloud™ Case #6 Subject: Embryology Six hours after delivery, a 3100-g (6-lb 13-oz) male newborn has an episode of bilious projectile vomiting. He was born at term to a 21-year-old woman. The pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios. The mother smoked a pack of cigarettes daily during the pregnancy. Physical examination shows a distended upper abdomen. An x-ray of the abdomen shows 3 distinct, localized gas collections in the upper abdomen and a gasless distal abdomen. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Necrotizing enterocolitis B. Duodenal atresia C. Meconium ileus D. Malrotation with volvulus E. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis F. Jejunal atresia G. Hirschsprung disease Medcloud™ |
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