Block 7 Subject: Embryology Q’s with answers Case #1
Case #10 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is C - 81%
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Embryo Lesson 7 Cases
Case #10
Subject: Embryology The correct answer is C - 81% Imperforate anus generally presents with a poorly developed midline groove between the buttocks and absence of an anal opening. It is commonly associated with fistula formation, which may lead to meconium excretion through a rectovaginal fistula, all of which is observed in this patient. This patient should be closely examined for other possible features of VACTERL association. Medcloud™ Case #10 Subject: Embryology A. Meconium ileus - 5% Meconium ileus classically presents as abdominal distention and failure to pass meconium within the first 24–48 hours after birth and is commonly observed in patients with cystic fibrosis. However, the absence of an anal opening is inconsistent with meconium ileus. Also, an association of fistula formation with meconium ileus has not been described. B. Hirschsprung disease - 2% Hirschsprung disease is due to an aganglionic segment leading to uncoordinated peristalsis and spastic contraction of the rectum. It causes functional intestinal obstruction, which results in abdominal distention and failure to pass meconium as seen in this patient. However, examination of affected individuals reveals merely an extremely tight sphincter, not the total absence of an anal opening. Also, rectovaginal fistula formation is not a feature of Hirschsprung disease. D. Colonic atresia - 8% Colonic atresia is a rare congenital malformation that results in colonic obstruction with ensuing abdominal distention. Some patients may also present with delayed passage of meconium after birth as seen in this patient. However, affected individuals have a normal anal opening without fistula formation. E. Meconium plug syndrome - 4% Meconium plug syndrome is a temporary form of intestinal obstruction associated with polycythemia, Hirschsprung disease, and small left bowel syndrome. Affected individuals generally present with delayed passage of meconium (> 24–48 hours) in combination with abdominal distention, both of which this patient exhibits. However, the absence of an anal opening and fistula formation is incompatible with meconium plug syndrome. Medcloud™ Case #11 Subject: Embryology An otherwise healthy 1-month-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 1-day history of multiple episodes of bilious vomiting. She is diagnosed with intestinal malrotation and volvulus and undergoes emergency laparotomy. During surgery, a 3 x 3 cm cystic mass is excised from behind the umbilicus. Microscopic examination of the mass shows mature nonciliated columnar epithelium with some goblet cells lining the inner cyst wall. Dilation of which of the following structures is the most likely cause of this patient's mass? A. Urachus B. Umbilical ring C. Vitelline duct D. Ovarian follicle E. Common bile duct Medcloud™ |
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