Block 7 Subject: Embryology Q’s with answers Case #1
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Embryo Lesson 7 Cases
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- Case 16 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case 16
Case #16
Subject: Embryology Two days after undergoing abdominal surgery for lysis of adhesions, a 52-year-old man has nausea and one episode of bilious vomiting. The patient's nausea is somewhat alleviated in the prone position. The patient has had a 70-kg (154-lb) weight loss since undergoing bariatric surgery 1 year ago. Physical examination shows abdominal distention. Sudden movement of the patient elicits a sloshing sound on auscultation of the abdomen. An upper gastrointestinal series of the abdomen with oral contrast shows no passage of contrast past the third segment of the duodenum. The obstruction in this patient is most likely caused by which of the following structures? A. Superior mesenteric artery B. Body of pancreas C. Gallbladder D. Common bile duct E. Portal vein F. Inferior vena cava Medcloud™ Case #16 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #16 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is A – 72% The superior mesenteric artery passes anterior to the third segment of the duodenum (transverse duodenum), and the aorta is located directly posterior to this part of the intestine. Compression of the duodenum by this artery is called superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The classic presentation includes postprandial pain and bilious emesis following extreme weight loss. Medcloud™ Case #16 Subject: Embryology B. Body of pancreas - 13% The distal second and proximal third segments of duodenum curve around the pancreas. Inflammation of the pancreas, e.g., in severe pancreatitis, or pancreatic mass effect, e.g., from a tumor, could lead to duodenal obstruction. However, this would be expected from a process involving the head of the pancreas. Because the body of the pancreas is not in close contact with the duodenum, a pathology in this area would be very unlikely to account for an obstruction of the intestinal lumen. C. Gallbladder - 3% The gallbladder empties into the second segment of the duodenum. Direct obstruction of the duodenum by an enlarged gallbladder is very unlikely and would not cause third segment obstruction. In the very rare event of a fistula between the gallbladder and the duodenum, a gallstone can enter the intestinal lumen and cause an obstruction, which is known as gallstone ileus. However, gallstone ileus most often manifests with obstruction at the ileocecal valve. D. Common bile duct - 6% The common bile duct enters the second segment of the duodenum. Cholangiocarcinoma of the bile duct at its junction with the duodenum can cause obstruction of the duodenum. However, this would result in second segment obstruction, not the third segment obstruction seen in this patient. Additionally, bilious emesis would not be expected, as bile flow through the common bile duct would be severely reduced or blocked entirely. E. Portal vein - 3% The portal vein arises from the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic vein posterior to the pancreas. It then travels superolaterally to the liver. It does not have contact with the duodenum and is not known to cause duodenal obstruction. F. Inferior vena cava - 3% The inferior vena cava is located in the retroperitoneum where it passes posterior to the second and third segments of the duodenum and the pancreas. The inferior vena cava can easily be compressed due to its low intravascular pressure but is unlikely to cause obstruction of adjacent structures such as the duodenum. Medcloud™ |
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