Block 7 Subject: Embryology Q’s with answers Case #1
Case #20 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #20
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Embryo Lesson 7 Cases
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- Case 21 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case 21
Case #20
Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #20 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is D Polyhydramnios is the condition in which excessive amounts of amniotic fluid is present. It is associated with fetal malformations such as esophageal/duodenal atresia, anencephaly, maternal diabetes, fetal anemia and multiple gestations. This patient presents with symptoms and signs resulting from high intestinal obstruction, such as duodenal atresia. The onset of vomit, typically consisting of bile, starts within hours after birth. A characteristic 'double bubble' sign is present on the ultrasound scan. The first bubble corresponds to the stomach and the second to the post-pyloric and pre-stenotic dilated duodenal loop. Medcloud™ Case #21 Subject: Embryology A 6-week-old boy is brought to the physician because of vomiting after feeding. He is voraciously hungry, but within 20-30 minutes of ingesting food, he has projectile vomitus. The vomit does not contain blood, bile or feces. Examination shows a mass in the epigastrium about the size of a small grape. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Hirschsprung's disease B. Imperforate anus C. Infantile pyloric stenosis D. Malrotation of the small intestine with volvulus E. Meckel's diverticulum Medcloud™ Case #21 Subject: Embryology Medcloud™ Case #21 Subject: Embryology The correct answer is C Infantile pyloric stenosis presents around one month of age with projectile non-bilious vomiting and sometimes failure to thrive. Non-bilious vomiting distinguishes pyloric stenosis from duodenal atresia. Infants with pyloric stenosis will be ravenously hungry. The hypertrophied pylorus (often described as "olive shaped") may be palpated in the epigastric region or right upper quadrant. It is more common in firstborn males and associated with hypochloremic (or chloride-responsive) metabolic alkalos is with concomitant hypokalemia due to persistent projectile vomiting after feeds. This vomiting further worsens the metabolic alkalosis and the secondary hyperaldosteronism worsens the hypokalemia. Treatment is with surgical myotomy of the hypertrophied pylorus. Bile enters the gut at the ampulla of Vater, the junction between the pancreas and the duodenum. Since the child is having non-bilious vomiting, duodenal contents are not likely present in the vomitus, implying an obstruction between the duodenum and stomach. The pylorus is the region of the stomach that serves as the junction between the stomach and the duodenum. It serves as a sphincter that limits the movement of gastric contents into the duodenum. Pyloric stenosis results in thickening of the gastric smooth muscle at the pylorus. This prevents food from passing out of the stomach and into the duodenum. Medcloud™ |
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